Конспект лекций по термодинамике. Коренблит С.Э. - 52 стр.

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   à¨¬¥­¨¬ íâ® ãá«®¢¨¥ (5.9) ª 娬¨ç¥áª®¬ã à ¢­®¢¥á¨î ¢ ᬥᨠ¨¤¥-
 «ì­ëå ᮢ¥à襭­ëå £ §®¢, á r - ¬®«ï¬¨ £ § r-£® ⨯ . ‘®®â¢¥âáâ¢ã-
î騩 ¯®â¥­æ¨ « ƒ¨¡¡á (T; P; frg) = U + PV TS , ª ª äã­ªæ¨ï
íâ¨å ç¨á¥« ¬®«¥©, r = Nr=NA , ®¯à¥¤¥«ï¥âáï ¨§ â¥à¬¨ç¥áª¨å ¨ ª «®à¨ç¥-
᪨å ãà ¢­¥­¨© á®áâ®ï­¨ï ®â¤¥«ì­ëå £ §®¢, ¤«ï ¯ àæ¨ «ì­ëå ¤ ¢«¥­¨©
Pr = xr P ¨ ¯ àæ¨ «ì­ëå ¢­ãâ७­¨å í­¥à£¨© ur = CV r T + qr :
                                   k
                                   X                     k
                                                         X               k
                                                                         X
 r RT = Pr V = xr PV = xr RT           s ; â.ª.: P =            Pr ;            xr = 1; (5.10)
                                  s=1                    r   =1          r   =1

      k
      X                          k
                                 X
 U=       r (CV r T + qr) ; S = r sr ; sr = CPr ln T R ln Pr + s r ; (5.11)         0
      r               0           r              1
          =1

           @  !        @U    @ (
                                  =1

                                 PV   )  @ (TS )
  r = @ = @ @ + @                            A
                                           @r T;P= CPrT + qr Tsr ; (5.12)
              r T;P       r         r
 r (T; Pr ) = RT ln Pr + r (T ); r (T ) = T (1 ln T )CPr Ts r + qr : (5.13)    0



’ ª ª ª ¤«ï ®¤­®£® ¬®«ï «î¡®£® ¨§ £ §®¢, ¯à¨ CPr = CV r + R = const, sr ! S , ¨¬¥¥¬:
                  !       !
  dS (T; P ) = @T dT + @P dP =) CP dT
               @S      @S
                                    T R dP = d (C ln T R ln P + S ) ; (5.14)
                                         P       P                                        0
                   P      ! T     !
                       @S
   £¤¥, ¯à¨ PV =) RT; @P = @T =) PR ; H = u + PV =) CP T + q: (5.15)
                               @V
                           T        P
 ‡¤¥áì: qr - ¢­ãâ७­ïï í­¥à£¨ï ®¤­®£® ¬®«ï ¯à¨ T = 0, xr - ¨áª®¬ ï ª®­-
業âà æ¨ï (5.3) £ § r-£® ⨯ (Nr = rNA); CPr- ¬®«ïà­ ï ⥯«®¥¬ª®áâì
¯à¨ P = const, r (T )- ¬®«ïà­ ï 娬¨ç¥áª ï ¯®áâ®ï­­ ï r-£® £ § .
    ®¤áâ ¢«ïï (5.13) ¢ ãá«®¢¨¥ à ¢­®¢¥á¨ï (5.9), ¨ ¯®â¥­æ¨¨àãï, á ãç¥â®¬
(5.10), Pr = xr P , ¯à¨å®¤¨¬ ª § ª®­ã ¤¥©áâ¢ãîé¨å ¬ áá ¤«ï ª®­æ¥­âà -
権:
        xr  Pkr ;                               1 X
                      X k                X k           k
                          !r ln xr = ln P !r RT          !r r (T );
              s
                 s   r =1               r    =1     r            =1



                                   2                          3
               =1

                            Pk !
               k
               Y                           1 Xk
          ¨«¨:   x!r r = P r=1 exp 4      RT r !r r (T )  K(P; T );
                                r
                                                         5                                    (5.16)
               r   =1                          =1



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P ¨ ⨯ ॠªæ¨¨ f!s g, ¯à¨ç¥¬, § ¢¨á¨¬®áâì ¥¥ ®â ¤ ¢«¥­¨ï ¯®«­®áâìî
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