Конспект лекций по термодинамике. Коренблит С.Э. - 54 стр.

                                                            |54|
£¤¥, ¯à¨ ¯¥à¥å®¤¥ ª à áç¥âã ­ ®¤¨­ ⮬ á à áç¥â ­ ®¤¨­ ¬®«ì á NA
 ⮬ ¬¨, ¢¢¥¤¥­ ¯®áâ®ï­­ ï ®«ìæ¬ ­ kB :
     kB = NR ; PV = RT  NN RT = NkB T; r (T ) = Nr (T ) : (5.23)
            A                 A                         A
“ç¨âë¢ ï, çâ® ¯à¨ ®¤­®í«¥ªâà®­­®© ¨®­¨§ 樨 ç¨á«® í«¥ªâà®­®¢ N ¢á¥-                                                          e

£¤ à ¢­® ç¨á«ã ¨®­®¢ N , ¯®«­®¥ ç¨á«® ¢á¥å ⮬®¢ N ®áâ ¥âáï 䨪-
                                              +

á¨à®¢ ­­ë¬, ¨¬¥¥¬, ¢¢®¤ï á⥯¥­ì ¨®­¨§ 樨 , ª ª:
        N
      = ; 0 < < 1; â.ª. N = N + N ; , â.ª. N = N ; â®: (5.24)
             +


        N                                                           0        +                   e           +




   x = N N+ N = N
    0
                 0     N = 1 ; x =x = N =
                   N +N 1+                  N + N 1 + ; (5.25)
                                              +
                                                                        e        +
                                                                                             +


                          e                   +
                                                                                   0      1 =        +




       xr = 1; xxx = 1       = K(T ) ;                                                  P
   X                                              2                                                      1 2


                                                                                 = @1 +   A ;
    3
                              +       e
                                                                 (5.26)
    r
    =1                           P0                K(T )
                                                      2




{ ä®à¬ã« ‘ å . ˆáª«îç ï ¤ ¢«¥­¨¥ á ¯®¬®éìî ãà ¢­¥­¨© á®áâ®ï­¨ï
(5.10): PV = (N + N )kB T = N (1+ )kB T , á ãç¥â®¬ ®£® ¢¨¤ ¯®áâ®ï­-
                                          e

­ëå CPr ¨ s r ¢ ¢ëà ¦¥­¨¨ ¤«ï r (T )=T ¨§ (5.17), ¬®¦­® ¯®«ãç¨âì ¨­®©
                 0

¢¨¤ í⮩ ä®à¬ã«ë, { ¤«ï ¯à®æ¥áá ¯à¨ ¯®áâ®ï­­ëå T ¨ V :
                                                             != g g
             = V K(T ) =) G(T )e              V   2 m  k BT
                                                                                                             3 2
                                                                 s s
         2

                                    G (T ) =              I0 =T ;
                                                                  gs ;
                                                                                                 e                   +       e

    1          N kB T                         N       h                                          2


                                                                    (5.27)
                                                                                                                         0




{ ®¡á㦤 ¥¬ë© â ª¦¥ ¤ «¥¥ ¢ ªãàᥠáâ â¨áâ¨ç¥áª®© 䨧¨ª¨. à¨ í⮬,
ª®­¥ç­®, ®ª §ë¢ ¥âáï, çâ®, ¯à¨ R = NAkB :
              !r CPr =) CP = 25 R;
            X                        X
                                         !r qr =) RI ;
                     3                                                  3

                                                      e             (5.28)                   0
            r                      2 r
                                                     != g g 3
                     =1                                                 =1

            X
              !r (s r CPr) =) R ln 4(kB ) = h  2 m        s s 5
                                                                                             3 2



                                                            g : (5.29)
                     3
                                                                             5 2         e               +       e
                                      0
                 r   =1
                                                                                     2
                                                                                                         s   0



’ ª¨¬ ®¡à §®¬, ª ª ¢¨¤­® ¨§ ᮮ⭮襭¨© (5.25) ¯à¨¢¥¤¥­­®£® ¯à¨¬¥à ,
­ á ¬®¬ ¤¥«¥, ãà ¢­¥­¨¥ ॠªæ¨¨ (5.6) ¢ ä®à¬¥ (5.9), á ãç¥â®¬ ëå
娬¨ç¥áª¨å ä®à¬ã« ®â¤¥«ì­ëå ª®¬¯®­¥­â, ¯®«­®áâìî 䨪á¨àã¥â ®â­®-
襭¨ï ¬¥¦¤ã ¢á¥¬¨ r , â.¥. ¬¥¦¤ã ¢á¥¬¨ xr , ®áâ ¢«ïï ¢ ãà ¢­¥­¨¨ (5.16)
­¥¨§¢¥áâ­®© «¨èì ®¤­ã ¨§ íâ¨å ¢¥«¨ç¨­.