Искусство. Котлярова С.В - 7 стр.

beautiful. It is an idyllic scene in a roman-                                     replica of the activity in the skies above."
tic landscape. Thanks to the soft colour                                                 Although his talent was recognized immediately he deliberately
treatment the picture has a lyrical and po-                                       turned his back to the glittering social world of London. Victorian England,
etic atmosphere.                                                                  which found it more important that a man be a gentleman in the first place
His works contain much poetry and mu-                                             and only in the second a genius, never forgave him.
sic. He is sometimes considered the fore-
runner or the impressionists. Gains-boro-                                         Reading Comprehension.
ugh was the antithesis of the businesslike                                        1) The world bold means:
Reynolds. He was very poetic by his na-                                              a) confident and brave;
ture, he abhorred rules and cares little                                             b) without feeling of shame;
about the old masters. By necessity a por-                                           c) printed in thick type;
traitist he was by inclination a landscapist.                                        d) that can be clearly seen.
        John Constable, an English land-                                          2) The word elements means:
scape painter, painted many well-known                    Picture 3.                 a) groups of people within society,
works ("A Cottage in a Cornfield", "The             Thomas Gainsborough.             b) four forces of nature,
Loch"). He is the first landscape painter             The Morning Walk               c) characteristic parts of something,
who considered that every painter should                                             d) strong emotions.
make his sketches direct from nature that is working in the open air. His         3) J. Constable's novelty is expressed by:
technique and colouring are very close to the impressionists. Constable ig-          a) ignoring the rules of mature artists like Reynolds;
nored the rules established by Reynolds. He insisted that art should be              b) realistic qualities of his art and making sketches direct from nature;
based on observation of nature and feeling. He was the herald of romanti-            c) by his being the herald of Romanticism.
cism. But the realistic qualities of his art are sensed very strongly.            4) True or false?____ Since the very beginning English painting has been
        A complete expression of romantic ideal can find itself in the pictures   genuinely English without any foreign influence.
of Turner. Joseph Turner was an outstanding painter whose most favourite          5) True or false?____ Reynolds' characteristic style was a ceremonial portrait.
topic was to paint sea ("The Shipwreck"). He painted waves and storms,            6) Gainsborough is considered:
clouds and mists with a great skill.                                                 a) the father of English portrait school;
        "The world has never seen anything like this picture," wrote a con-          b) the forerunner of the impressionists;
temporary critic when "Rain, Steam and Speed" was first exhibited at the             c) the first president of the Royal Academy;
Royal Academy in 1844. "This is a dramatic painting, a canvas filled with            d) a humorist and satirist on canvas.
restless energy. Only the cowman and the couple drifting on a boat in the         7) According to Van Dyck a portrait should help:
middle of the river suggest any kind of stability and even that seems delib-         a) to show the confirmation and glorification of the ruling classes' social
erate, as if they already represent the way things were, helpless onlookers in    position;
this new age of speed. Turner uses thick dollops of pigment and subtle               b) to use the discoveries and ideas of the old masters;
shades of white and yellow smeared this way and that across the canvas to            c) to learn the rules of art;
create a powerful impression of that most familiar of English phenomena -            d) to understand the individual psychology.
the swift, swirling shower that douses the countryside even at the height of      8) Turner's contemporary critic finds his painting:
summer. He contrasts the traditional force of nature with the train, the new         a) too picturesque;
force created by man, moving doggedly and powerfully towards us, un-                 b) of no value;
shaken by the elements. The colours here are dark and bold. Blood-red                c) artificial;
ashes spill from the boiler along with white and grey steam, a man-made              d) dramatic.
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