Деловые переговоры на иностранном языке. Английский язык. Часть 1. Лазаричева Е.С. - 8 стр.

8. Read and translate the text. Make up a summary. Make up 7 questions to the                кого-то/чего-то; реклама; требовать.
text. Answer the questions after the text.                                                   b) bringing the best possible profits or advantages for the lowest possible costs;
                                      Communication.                                         important or interesting enough to be reported as news; a person at a publishing or
  What is communication? The dictionary defines it: “giving or exchanging information        broadcasting institution who decides whether to use news supplied by outsiders,
or news by speaking or writing”.                                                             typically public relations personnel sending material on behalf of their clients or
  In today’s world, long-distance communication is easy. We can call people on the           employers.
telephone, send them telegrams, or write them letters. We receive news and information
on radio or television every day. Our modern inventions allow us to communicate with         4. Render the following item in English.
people in every part of our planet.
  In early times, how did people communicate over long distances? How did they tell               Отношения со средствами массовой информации или прессой, пожалуй,
other people about a storm that was coming or an enemy who was planning to attack?           являются самой важной и цельной частью связей с общественностью.
  At first, people probably used their feet. When the people of one village wanted to             Отношения со средствами массовой информации, по сути своей,
send a message to someone who was far away, they gave the news to a runner. This             представляют собой двусторонний процесс. Это – связь между организацией
messenger ran to the nearest village and gave the message to another runner. Then the        и прессой, радио и телевидением. С одной стороны, организация
second runner took it to a third runner, and so on.                                          предоставляет информацию и по просьбе средств массовой информации
  This was a very slow method of communication, and the messages didn’t always               создает им режим благоприятствования, с другой стороны, средства массовой
reach its destination. The messengers had to run through forests and fields, cross rivers,   информации предпринимают шаги для выпуска комментариев и новостей.
and climb mountains. Sometimes they met with animals and never arrived at the next           Взаимное доверие и уважение между организацией и средствами массовой
village. And the messages frequently became mixed up because each person who                 информации являются необходимой основой для хороших отношений.
relayed the information changed it a little.                                                      Даже в век радио и телевидения общественное мнение все еще главным
  People used other methods of communication, too. Cyrus the Great, who founded the          образом формируется под воздействием         того, что люди читают в
Persian Empire, built a series of towers. A man with a very strong voice stood on each       национальной, местной и отраслевой печати. Необходимо уважать
tower. When the king wanted to send a message, he gave it to the man on the first            неприкосновенность и традиционную свободу прессы, которая в
tower, who shouted it to the man on the second tower, who relayed it to the man on the       значительной степени определяет ее значимость, однако все это не мешает
third tower. These messengers usually used megaphones, which made their voices               искать сотрудничества с прессой для дальнейшего решения проблем связей с
louder.                                                                                      общественностью.
  The use of fire and smoke was another primitive way of communication. People used
blankets or leafy branches to control the puffs of smoke that came from a fire. The          5. Grammar revision. Turn into Passive voice.
number and size of the puffs made a kind of code. This method wasn’t very efficient on          1. A guide will show the visitors the new buildings.
rainy days or at night, and little wind could mix up the message very badly.                    2. Someone told him to make a report on ancient architecture.
  A few old methods of communication are still in use today. One of these methods is            3. I will tell you another story next time.
the use of drums. Some drums are made of hollow logs and animal skins. When the                 4. They invited the rest of us to go sightseeing.
drummer hits the drum, it makes a noise that sounds a little like human speech.                 5. My friend took me round the city yesterday.
Drumbeats travel quickly, but they can travel only a little way.                                6. Peter took care of his younger sister.
  In 1790, a man in France invented the semaphore, which was a tall pole with “arms”            7. The professor told the listeners a wise story.
at the top. Ropes moved the arms up and down to form letters of the alphabet.                   8. This PR agency can create any kind of advertisement.
Semaphore operators were able to relay messages very quickly. A kind of semaphore is            9. Tomorrow our director general will make an appointment.
still in use on railroads.                                                                      10. They established a new office in Moscow.
  Efficient long-distance communication had to wait for the discovery of electricity.           11. We could not cancel the order because they had already sent it.
Questions:                                                                                      12. The inflation influenced our business in the Middle East very badly.
       1) What is the definition of communication that gives the dictionary?                    13. They will make their advertisement soon.
       2) What are the means of modern long-distance communication?                             14. We are printing our catalogues by Friday this week.
       3) What was the problem with using feet and runners to relay messages in early           15. He has not fixed the date for the next appointment.
           times?                                                                               16. We can pay in advance if you want.
       4) What method of communication did Cyrus the Great use?                                 17. They had to discuss the contract before his departure.


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