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refers to the object of the sentence boy (him) and is expressed by a
secondary predicate — the infinitive run.
The two elements — boy and ran — are closely connected and form’
syntactically a complex object. What I see is the boy in the process of
running (= ÷òî ìàëü÷èê áåæèò). This construction is called the «Accusa-
tive with the «Infinitive» (from the classical «Accusativus cum Infinitive»).
2. The «Accusative with the Infinitive» is used:
a) With verbs expressing a perception of the senses, as to hear,
to feel, to see; also with verbs expressing observation as to notice, to
observe, to watch:
...He felt Wilson take hold of his arm (Hemingway). Old Joly-
on... saw his brother’s face change... (Galsworthy). I am glad to hear
you say so (Bronte). No one had noticed him leave the room, no one
knew where he was (Jerome). Andrew observed her hurry off... (Cro-
nin). He watched the rain stream and hiss against the leaves... (Galsworthy).
He heard a blackbird sing (Galsworthy).
Note. — When the verbs to hear and to see express mental
perceptions, to hear meaning to learn, to see meaning to understand,
they cannot be followed by an «Accusative with the Infinitive», but
require an object clause:
I hear you have had a wonderful trip (Hemingway).
b) With verbs expressing permission, request, intention, order,
compulsion such as: to allow, to permit, to let, to suffer, to order, to
command, to compel, to force, to cause, to make, to induce, to per-
suade, to request, to get, to mean, to intend, etc.:
The sunlight was making the pink cliffs glow in the most won-
derful way... (Galsworthy). She caused a telegram to be sent to him
(Galsworthy). She made Shelton pull into the reeds... (Galsworthy).
Why did you get me to do that settlement...? (Galsworthy). «You
know,» she said, «I realise that they don’t mean us to be friends»
(Galsworthy).
The verbs to order, to command, to recommend, to beg, to prom-
ise, etc. are often followed by two independent objects — a noun (or
pronoun) and the infinitive:
He ordered the cabman to drive on (London). My mother bent
her head, and begged her to walk in (Dickens).
The noun (or pronoun) and the infinitive usually form a com-
plex when the noun (or pronoun) expresses an inanimate thing or
when the infinitive has a passive form:
refers to the object of the sentence boy (him) and is expressed by a
secondary predicate — the infinitive run.
The two elements — boy and ran — are closely connected and form’
syntactically a complex object. What I see is the boy in the process of
running (= ÷òî ìàëü÷èê áåæèò). This construction is called the «Accusa-
tive with the «Infinitive» (from the classical «Accusativus cum Infinitive»).
2. The «Accusative with the Infinitive» is used:
a) With verbs expressing a perception of the senses, as to hear,
to feel, to see; also with verbs expressing observation as to notice, to
observe, to watch:
...He felt Wilson take hold of his arm (Hemingway). Old Joly-
on... saw his brother’s face change... (Galsworthy). I am glad to hear
you say so (Bronte). No one had noticed him leave the room, no one
knew where he was (Jerome). Andrew observed her hurry off... (Cro-
nin). He watched the rain stream and hiss against the leaves... (Galsworthy).
He heard a blackbird sing (Galsworthy).
Note. — When the verbs to hear and to see express mental
perceptions, to hear meaning to learn, to see meaning to understand,
they cannot be followed by an «Accusative with the Infinitive», but
require an object clause:
I hear you have had awonderful tri p (Hemingway).
b) With verbs expressing permission, request, intention, order,
compulsion such as: to allow, to permit, to let, to suffer, to order, to
command, to compel, to force, to cause, to make, to induce, to per-
suade, to request, to get, to mean, to intend, etc.:
The sunlight was making the pink cliffs glow in the most won-
derful way... (Galsworthy). She caused a telegram to be sent to him
(Galsworthy). She made Shelton pull into the reeds... (Galsworthy).
Why did you get me to do that settlement...? (Galsworthy). «You
know,» she said, «I realise that they don’t mean us to be friends»
(Galsworthy).
The verbs to order, to command, to recommend, to beg, to prom-
ise, etc. are often followed by two independent objects — a noun (or
pronoun) and the infinitive:
He ordered the cabman to drive on (London). My mother bent
her head, and begged her to walk in (Dickens).
The noun (or pronoun) and the infinitive usually form a com-
plex when the noun (or pronoun) expresses an inanimate thing or
when the infinitive has a passive form:
– 64 –
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