Инфинитивные конструкции: Лексико-грамматический практикум по английскому языку. Марченко О.В. - 7 стр.

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Ï ð è ì å ÷ à í è ÿ:
1. Ïîñëå òàêèõ ãëàãîëîâ êàê: to expect, to believe, to sup-
pose, to consider, to find, to know, to think, to show, to claim è
äðóãèõ èíôèíèòèâ â êîíñòðóêöèè “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”
óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ âî âñåõ ñâîèõ âèäîâðåìåííûõ ôîðìàõ è
ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ïåðåâîäèòñÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê.
Íàïðèìåð:
We believe Pete (him) - to finish the work tomorrow.
(believed) - to be finishing the work now.
- to have finished the work recently.
- to be sent to the conference.
- to have been sent to the conference.
Ìû ñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî Ïåòð (îí) - çàêîí÷èò ñâîþ ðàáîòó çàâòðà.
(ñ÷èòàëè) - çàêàí÷èâàåò ðàáîòó ñåé÷àñ.
- çàêîí÷èë ðàáîòó íåäàâíî.
(Ïåòðà) - ïîñûëàþò íà êîíôåðåíöèþ.
- ïîñëàëè íà êîíôåðåíöèþ.
2. Ïîñëå ãëàãîëîâ ôèçè÷åñêîãî âîñïðèÿòèÿ, îùóùåíèÿ:
to watch, to observe, to notice, to see, to hear, to fool.
Èíôèíèòèâ â êîíñòðóêöèè “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå” â
äåéñòâèòåëüíîì çàëîãå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ áåç ÷àñòèöû to.
Íàïðèìåð:
I heard somebody (her, Kate) speak in the next room. — ß
ñëûøàë, êàê êòî-òî (îíà, Êàòÿ) ðàçãîâàðèâàë â ñîñåäíåé
êîìíàòå.
Pete saw me (somebody, Kate) be speaking to Nick. — Ïåòð
âèäåë, êàê ÿ ( êòî-òî, Êàòÿ) ðàçãîâàðèâàë ñ Íèêîëàåì.
Nobody noticed her (Nick, men) leave the room. — Íèêòî íå
çàìåòèë, ÷òî îíà (Íèêîëàé, ëþäè) âûøëà èç êîìíàòû.
They observed us ( Pete, someone) have climbed up the tree. —
Îíè íàáëþäàëè, êàê ìû (Ïåòð, êòî-òî) âçîáðàëèñü íà äåðåâî.
Ç à ï î ì í è ò ü: Ïîñëå ãëàãîëîâ ôèçè÷åñêîãî âîñïðèÿòèÿ,
îùóùåíèÿ èíôèíèòèâ â Passive Voice (Ñòðàäàòåëüíîì çàëîãå) íå
èñïîëüçóåòñÿ.
Âìåñòî íåãî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ï ð è ÷ à ñ ò è å.
Íàïðèìåð:
a) I heard somebody speaking in the room. — ß ñëûøàë,
êàê êòî-òî ðàçãîâàðèâàë â êîìíàòå.
                        Ï ð è ì å ÷ à í è ÿ:
     1. Ïîñëå òàêèõ ãëàãîëîâ êàê: to expect, to believe, to sup-
pose, to consider, to find, to know, to think, to show, to claim è
äðóãèõ èíôèíèòèâ â êîíñòðóêöèè “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå”
óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ âî âñåõ ñâîèõ âèäîâðåìåííûõ ôîðìàõ è
ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ïåðåâîäèòñÿ íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê.
     Íàïðèìåð:
     We believe Pete (him) - to finish the work tomorrow.
     (believed)                 - to be finishing the work now.
                                - to have finished the work recently.
                                - to be sent to the conference.
                                - to have been sent to the conference.

     Ìû ñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî Ïåòð (îí) - çàêîí÷èò ñâîþ ðàáîòó çàâòðà.
     (ñ÷èòàëè)                      - çàêàí÷èâàåò ðàáîòó ñåé÷àñ.
                                     - çàêîí÷èë ðàáîòó íåäàâíî.
     (Ïåòðà)                        - ïîñûëàþò íà êîíôåðåíöèþ.
                                    - ïîñëàëè íà êîíôåðåíöèþ.
     2. Ïîñëå ãëàãîëîâ ôèçè÷åñêîãî âîñïðèÿòèÿ, îùóùåíèÿ:
     to watch, to observe, to notice, to see, to hear, to fool.
     Èíôèíèòèâ â êîíñòðóêöèè “ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå” â
äåéñòâèòåëüíîì çàëîãå óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ áåç ÷àñòèöû to.
     Íàïðèìåð:
     I heard somebody (her, Kate) speak in the next room. — ß
ñëûøàë, êàê êòî-òî (îíà, Êàòÿ) ðàçãîâàðèâàë â ñîñåäíåé
êîìíàòå.
     Pete saw me (somebody, Kate) be speaking to Nick. — Ïåòð
âèäåë, êàê ÿ ( êòî-òî, Êàòÿ) ðàçãîâàðèâàë ñ Íèêîëàåì.
     Nobody noticed her (Nick, men) leave the room. — Íèêòî íå
çàìåòèë, ÷òî îíà (Íèêîëàé, ëþäè) âûøëà èç êîìíàòû.
     They observed us ( Pete, someone) have climbed up the tree. —
Îíè íàáëþäàëè, êàê ìû (Ïåòð, êòî-òî) âçîáðàëèñü íà äåðåâî.
     Ç à ï î ì í è ò ü: Ïîñëå ãëàãîëîâ ôèçè÷åñêîãî âîñïðèÿòèÿ,
îùóùåíèÿ èíôèíèòèâ â Passive Voice (Ñòðàäàòåëüíîì çàëîãå) íå
èñïîëüçóåòñÿ.
     Âìåñòî íåãî óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ï ð è ÷ à ñ ò è å.
     Íàïðèìåð:
        a) I heard somebody speaking in the room. — ß ñëûøàë,
   êàê êòî-òî ðàçãîâàðèâàë â êîìíàòå.

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