English for Masters in Economics. Маркушевская Л.П - 19 стр.

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Университет ИТМО | Санкт-Петербург

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194
3) часть составного глагольного сказуемого:
They began to get jumpy.
Они начали нервничать.
Инфинитив, как правило, употребляется с частицей to.
Инфинитив без частицы to употребляется:
1. после модальных глаголов can, may, must, should и др. и
модальных выражений should better, would rather:
He can swim well.
Он умеет хорошо плавать.
You’d better leave me alone.
Лучше оставьте меня одну.
2. в сложном дополнении, после глаголов чувственного восприятия
see, hear, watch, feel, а также глаголов let и make:
Let me go.
Отпусти меня.
I saw him fall.
Я видела, как он упал.
Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (Сложное подлежащее)
The Subjective with the Innitive (Complex Subject) The Subjective
Innitive Construction
Конструкция «сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом» является
частью простого предложения, но построена она таким образом, что
инфи н и тив, указывающий на действие, совершаемое подлежащим,
отделен от подлежащего сказуемым. В большинстве случаев это ска-
зуемое является формальным. Поэтому перевод предложения следует
начинать с перевода сказуемого как неопределенно-личного предло-
жения.
He is said to know English well.
Говорят, что он знает английский хорошо.
Существует второй способ перевода, при котором порядок слов ан-
глийского предложения сохраняется.
19
measure how much is available for immediate consumption. But currency inside a
bank cannot be used for consumption and this is why it is not counted in the money
supply. Cash in the bank is not money, but the binary bits in the bank’s computer
system representing the balance in your checking account are!
2. An example may also illustrate this important fact:
– Eric has 100 euro – this amount is obviously part of the money supply as it is
immediately available for consumption.
– Eric deposits 100 euro into his checking account. He still has 100 euro available
for immediate consumption using his debit card and the money supply should not be
changed by this deposit (it is not – deposits are included in the money supply).
3. Eric’s bank now has 100 euro more than before deposit. If we count currency
inside the bank as money, the money supply would have increased by 100 euro by
his deposit. Thus does not make sense as the amount available for immediate con-
sumption has not changed.
– In the same way, withdrawing money from the ATM does not affect the mon-
ey supply. When you withdraw money, currency outside banks increases while your
checking balance decreases by the same amount.
4. Even though currency inside a bank is not money, it is still part of the mon-
etary base. 100 euro inside the bank is obviously still worth 100 euro to the bank
even though we do not include it in the money supply.
5. Commercial banks obviously cannot inuence the amount of currency in the
economy or the monetary base, since they are not allowed to print money. They can,
however, inuence the money supply through the second component of the money
supply – the deposits. A bank will increase the money supply simply lending money
to a customer. In the same way, when a loan is repaid or amortized, the money sup-
ply decreases.
6. It may sound odd that the money supply increases by 1 million the same instant
a bank agrees to lend this amount. The bank has created money but no wealth (keep
in mind that these are different concepts). The bank has simply converted one asset
(cash) into another (the promise of repayment), while there is no change in the individ-
ual’s net wealth. However, after the loan, there is an additional one million available
for immediate consumption. It makes no difference if the borrower keeps the money
in her account or withdraws them in the form of currency.
*ATM = automated teller machine
Task 1. Entitle the paragraphs 5 and 6.
Task 2. Summarise the text.

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