Texts and exercises on information science. Мартынов О.В. - 10 стр.

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19
XI. Translate:
1. Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a software
programme that makes your IBM PC (or compatible) easy to use by
simplifying the computer's user interface.
2. DOS often isn't very intelligent at interpreting your commands and
most people consider it awkward or intimidating as a user interface.
3. You can then easily switch between programmes without having
to close one down and open the next.
4. As more and more application programmes are written to run
with Windows, it'll be easier for anyone to learn how to use new
programmes.
XII. Translate:
1. Слово интерфейс означает каким образом вы даете команды
компьютеру, как вы взаимодействуете с ним.
2. При помощи Windows вы запускаете программы, вносите и
меняете данные, выполняете операции в DOS при помощи мыши,
указывая ею на объекты на мониторе.
3. Программа названа Windows, потому что
каждая программа
или документ имеют собственное окно.
4. Windоws обеспечивает совместимость возможностей
различных прикладных программ.
5. Мало известный факт состоит в том, что эти исследования
проводились компанией Ксерокс и завершились появлением
компьютера Xerox Star до появления компьютеров от IBM и
Macintosh.
XIII. Give summary of the text.
TEXT 7
Computers Concern You
When Ch. Babbage, a professor of mathematics at Cambridge
University, invented the first calculating machine in 1812, he could hardly
have imagined the situations we find ourselves in today. Almost
everything in modern world is done with the help of computers - the
complicated descendants of his simple machine. Computers are being used
more and more extensively in the world today, for the simple reason that
they are far more efficient than human beings. They have much better
memories and can store great amount of information and they can do
20
calculations in a fraction of the time required by a human mathematician.
No man alive can do 500,000 sums in one second, but a modern computer
can.
In fact, computers can do many things we do, but faster and better.
They can control machines at factories, work out tomorrow's weather and
even play chess, write poetry or compose music. Let's look now at some of
the ways in which computers concern people in their daily lives and work.
Many people associate computers with the world of science and
mathematics, but they are also a great help to scholars in other subjects: in
history, literature and so on. It is now possible for a scholar to find a book
or an article he needs very quickly, when a million or more new books are
published each year, which is quite an advantage. You tell the computer
which subject you are interested in and it produces any microfiche you
need in seconds.
There are also systems which are being developed to translate articles
from foreign magazines by computer and to make up many lists of
information which are needed in a modern library. So, computer can help
us to deal with the knowledge explosion in many ways. One can imagine a
time when libraries will be run by computers, without human beings at all.
Or, let's take another example. When a man drives a car for long
distances he has two problems: to keep the car at a constant speed and
watch that he does not run into the car in front of him. Engineers are now
experimenting with a system which has a computer control of these two
problems. The car's computer keeps the speed constant. At the same time
the distance between the car and any other car in front of it is measured by
a beam of light transmitted forwards. The beam meets the rear reflectors of
the car in front and it is reflected back, which enables to measure the
distance. This information is fed to the computer which adjusts its speed
control accordingly.
ASSIGNMENT TO TEXT 7
I. Read and translate the text.
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What did Ch. Babbage invent in 1812? 2. Why are computers
extensively used nowadays? 3. In what ways do computers help people in
their everyday life?
III. Make all types of questions to the following sentence:
engineers are now experimenting with a system which has a computer

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