Английский язык. Мехеда О.Б. - 24 стр.

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11. Answer the following questions:
1. What was Marx's role in the history of social thought?
2. What idea did he declare in his "Communist Manifesto"?
3. How do classes arise according to Marx?
4. What roles do individuals fulfill in the productive scheme of society?
5. What are the key concepts for Marx?
6. What are the principle statuses in the industrial relations? What roles do they
fulfill?
7. What causes the worker's discontent and resentment in bourgeois capitalist
society?
8. When is the capitalist owners' control over the economy and its products
more effective?
9. Do the workers always try to remove the causes of their distress?
10. What is a distinguishing feature of the Marxist approach to the study of
stratification?
12. Give a summary of the text (8-10 sentences).
UNIT 7
1. Read the text and try to understand it:
Karl Marx
Part II
The Marxist approach is also distinguished in the emphasis on the power of the
economic factor – the ability of the relations of production to shape and determine
the total social situation. Marx insisted that property is the fundamental determinant
or substructure, and the status of superstructure or "derivative" is ascribed to power,
culture modes, forms of family life, educational processes, and other such factors
that reinforce the differences initially generated by differences in property.
Three other terms are important in the Marxist approach to the study of
stratification: class consciousness, class solidarity and class conflict.
Class consciousness refers to the recognition by a class, such as workers, of the
role its members play in the productive process, and of their relations to the owning
class. Consciousness also involves an awareness of the extent to which exploits the
working class by depriving its workers of a fair share of the "surplus value"
created by their work. A final stage of consciousness is reached when the working
class understands that only by united action to overthrow the capitalist owners can
the workers hope to achieve their just due.
Class solidarity refers to the extent to which workers act together to achieve
political and economic aims.
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