Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 34 стр.

            French. Runic letters remaining in English after the Latin alphabet
            was borrowed were substituted by Latin letters and combinations
            of letters, e.g. “v” was introduced for the voiced consonant /v/
            instead of “f” in the intervocal position /lufian-love/, the digraph
            “ch” was introduced to denote the sound /ch/ instead of the letter
            “c” (chest) before front vowels where it had been palatalized, the
            digraph “sh” was introduced instead of the Runic letters “o” (this,
            thing), the letter “y” was introduced instead of the runic letter “3”
            to denote the sound /j/ (yet). The digraph “qu” substituted the
            combination “cw” to denote the combination of sounds /kw/
            (queen), the digraph “ou” was introduced to denote the sound /u:/
            (house) (the sound /u:/ was later on diphthongized and is
            pronounced /au/ in native words and fully assimilated
            borrowings). As it was difficult for French scribes to copy
            English texts they substituted the letter “u” before “v”,”m”, “n”
            and the digraph “th” by the letter “o” to escape the combination of
            many vertical lines /”sunu”- “son”, “luvu”-“love”/.
                   Borrowing of French words.
                   There following semantic groups of French borrowings:
                   a) words relating to government: administer, empire,
            state, government:
                   b) words relating to military affairs: army, war, banner,
            soldier, battle;
                   c) words relating to jury: advocate, petition, inquest,
            sentence, barrister;
                   d) words relating to fashion: luxury, coat, collar, lace,
            pleat, embroidery;
                   e)   words relating to jewelry: topaz, emerald, ruby, pearl;
                   f)   words relating to food and cooking: lunch, dinner,
            appetite, to roast, to stew.
                   Words were borrowed from French into English after 1650,
            mainly through French literature, but they were not as numerous
            and many of them are not completely assimilated. There are the
            following semantic groups of these borrowings:
                   a) words relating to literature and music: belle-lettres,
            conservatorie, brochure, pirouette, vaudeville;

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