Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 37 стр.

                 In the period of the Second World War the following words
            were borrowed: Volkssturm, Luftwaffe, SS-man, Bundeswehr,
            Gestapo, gas chamber and many others. After the Second World
            War the following words were borrowed: Berufsverbot,
            Volkswagen etc.

                  Holland borrowings.
                  Holland and English have constant interrelations for many
            centuries and more than 2000 Holland borrowings were borrowed
            into English. Most of them are nautical terms and were mainly
            borrowed in the 14th century, such as: freight, skipper, pump,
            keel, dock, reef, deck, leak and many others.
                  Besides two main groups of borrowings (Romanic and
            Germanic) there are also borrowings from a lot of other
            languages. We shall speak about Russian borrowings, borrowings
            from the language which belongs to Slavonic languages.

                  Russian Borrowings.
                  There are constant contacts between England and Russia
            and they borrowed words from one language into the other.
            Among early Russian borrowings there are mainly words
            connected with trade relations, such as: rouble, copeck, pood,
            vodka and also words relating to nature, such as: taiga, tundra,
            steppe, etc.
                  There is also a large group of Russian borrowings which
            came into English through Russian literature of the 19 th century,
            such as: Narodnik, moujik, duma, zemstvo, volost, ukase etc, and
            also words which were formed in Russian with Latin roots, such
            as: nigilist, intelligenzia, Decembrist etc.
                  One more group of Russian borrowings is connected with
            perestroika, such as: glasnost, nomenklatura, apparatchik etc.

                  IV. The changes of a loan word has had to undergo
            depending on the date of its penetration are the main cause for the
            existence of the so-called etymological doublets. Etymological
            doublets (or, by ellipsis, simply doublets) are two or more words

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