Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 54 стр.

            gratia), a.m. - in the morning (ante meridiem), No - number
            (numero), p.a. - a year (per annum), d - penny (dinarius), Ib -
            pound (libra), i. e. - that is (id est) etc.
                  Some graphical abbreviations of Latin origin have different
            English equivalents in different contexts, e.g. p.m. can be
            pronounced “in the afternoon” (post meridiem) and “after death”
            (post mortem).
                  There are also graphical abbreviations of native origin,
            where in the spelling we have abbreviations of words and word-
            groups of the corresponding English equivalents in the full form.
            We have several semantic groups of them:
                  a) days of the week, e.g. Mon - Monday, Tue - Tuesday etc;
                  b) names of months, e.g. Apr - April, Aug - August etc;
                  c) names of counties in UK, e.g. Yorks - Yorkshire, Berks -
            Berkshire etc;
                  d) names of states in USA, e.g. Ala - Alabama, Alas - Alaska
            etc;
                  e) names of address, e.g. Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr. etc;
                  f) military ranks, e.g. capt. -captain, col. - colonel, sgt -
            sergeant etc;
                  g) scientific degrees, e.g. B.A. - Bachelor of Arts, D.M. -
            Doctor of Medicine . (Sometimes in scientific degrees we have
            abbreviations of Latin origin, e.g., M.B. - Medicinae Baccalaurus).
                  h) units of time, length, weight, e.g. f. / ft -foot/feet, sec. -
            second, in. -inch, mg. - milligram etc.
                  The reading of some graphical abbreviations depends on the
            context, e.g. «m» can be read as: male, married, masculine, metre,
            mile, million, minute, «l.p.» can be read as long-playing, low
            pressure.
                  Initial abbreviations.
                  Initialisms are the bordering case between graphical and
            lexical abbreviations. When they appear in the language, as a rule,
            to denote some new offices they are closer to graphical
            abbreviations because orally full forms are used, e.g. J.V. - joint
            venture. When they are used for some duration of time they
            acquire the shortened form of pronouncing and become closer to

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