Краткий курс лекций по лексикологии английского языка для студентов неязыковых вузов. Москалёва Е.В. - 53 стр.

            result of the action expressed by the verb from which the noun
            has been converted, e.g. a burn, a find, a purchase;
                  d) place of the action expressed by the verb from which the
            noun has been converted, e.g. a drive, a stop, a walk.
                  Many nouns converted from verbs can be used only in the
            singular form and denote momentaneous actions. In such cases we
            have partial conversion. Such deverbal nouns are often used with
            such verbs as: to have, to get, to take etc., e.g. to have a try, to
            give a push, to take a swim.

                  ABBREVIATION
                  In the process of communication words and word-groups can
            be shortened. The causes of shortening can be linguistic and extra-
            linguistic. By extra-linguistic causes changes in the life of people
            are meant. In Modern English many new abbreviations,
            acronyms, initials, blends are formed because the tempo of life is
            increasing and it becomes necessary to give more and more
            information in the shortest possible time.
                  There are also linguistic causes of abbreviating words and
            word-groups, such as the demand of rhythm, which is satisfied in
            English by monosyllabic words. When borrowings from other
            languages are assimilated in English they are shortened. Here we
            have modification of form on the basis of analogy, e.g. the Latin
            borrowing «fanaticus» is shortened to «fan» on the analogy with
            native words: man, pan, tan etc.
                  There are two main types of shortenings: graphical and
            lexical. Graphical abbreviations
                  Graphical abbreviations are the result of shortening of words
            and word-groups only in written speech while orally the
            corresponding full forms are used. They are used for the economy
            of space and effort in writing.
                  The oldest group of graphical abbreviations in English is of
            Latin origin. In Russian this type of abbreviation is not typical. In
            these abbreviations in the spelling Latin words are shortened,
            while orally the corresponding English equivalents are
            pronounced in the full form, e.g. for example (Latin exampli

                                                                              53


PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com