ВУЗ:
Составители:
Рубрика:
FREE ASSOCIATION
This is the practice of writing down words or phrases that occur to you just as they come to mind, without worry
about order, usefulness, applicability. Begin by writing down the topic you have selected and underneath it list every-
thing that comes to your mind. Make the list as quickly as you can.
Example:
Crime
police laws
punishment penal systems
prevention big cities
white-collar growing rates
repeat offenders death penalty
From this list you could choose a subject, but even it might be too broad. “Laws About Crime” or “The Penal Sys-
tem” are impossible to work with. Start another listing beginning with one of the phrases on the above list.
Example:
White-Collar Crime
offices department stores
perpetrators internal security systems
You may decide that “Internal Security Systems to Prevent White-Collar Crime” is a subject you want to investi-
gate.
14. Use method of free association to formulate an appropriate subject for research by narrowing the topic
“Unemployment”. Some ideas are given as an example.
UNEMPLOYMENT
economic recession global financial crisis
THE FIVE Ws
Asking questions to which you want answers is still another way of narrowing a topic to a subject you can work
with. You can develop questions in an organized way by adapting the journalistic tradition that good reporting includes
covering the five Ws of a story: who, what, where, when, and why.
Who – people
What – problems, things, ideas
Where – places
When – past, present, future
Why – causes, reasons, results, conditions
To use these five Ws as a help in finding a research subject, write your topic at the top of the page and under it
each of the five W words as headings across the page. Then use brainstorming or free association with each of the
words in a column heading, writing down tour ideas as lists.
Example:
TELEVISION
Who? What? Where? When? Why?
show hosts violence satellite
transmission
commercial
beginnings
election
actors and
actresses
news remote places new channels
to come
interference
with studies
directors religion New York broadcast
times
persuasive
power
Johnny Car-
son
commercials local stations technical
development
education
Most words in the listings above are still too broad. “Television news” still need to be narrowed further. To do so,
the same five Ws method can be applied again. “How Television News Manipulates Audiences” or “Some Limitations
of Television as a News Source” are possible subjects you can arrive at using this method.
Страницы
- « первая
- ‹ предыдущая
- …
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- …
- следующая ›
- последняя »
