Английский язык. Писарева Л.П. - 26 стр.

3. Most combustion spaces, even simplest, produce some stirring of the air, or
    “turbulence,” and this is sufficient for engines with fairly large cylinder bores and
    operating at low or medium speeds. On the other hand, small-bore, high-speed
    engines require highly developed combustion chambers to prepare the fuel charge
    and produce the conditions needed for complete combustion in the short time. So,
    there are different types of combustion chambers.
4. “Open” Combustion Chambers.
    An “open” combustion chamber may be defined as one in which, at the time of
injection, all the air is contained in a single space. It thus includes the simplest possible
arrangement consisting of a flat cylinder head and flat piston crown. To help bring the
fuel and air together modern engines of the open combustion chamber type, however,
depart from the flat shape of the piston crown and cylinder head. The fuel is injected
directly into the combustion chamber.
5. Special-Design Combustion Chambers.
    Open combustion chambers are seldom used in engines which must run at high
    maximum speeds and through a wide speed range. These engines use chambers of
    specialized design such as turbulence chambers, precombustion chambers.
6. Turbulence chambers.
    In turbulence chambers designs, the fuel is injected into an auxiliary chamber
    separated from the cylinder by an orifice. This auxiliary chamber, which holds the
    full cylinder charge at the end of compression, is shaped to create highly turbulent
    conditions. Most turbulence chambers are sphere shaped and are located either in
    the cylinder head or at one side of the block.
7. Precombustion Chambers.
    The precombustion chamber designs act like the turbulence chambers. However, the
    basic principle is quite different. In the precombustion chamber system, the
    auxiliary chamber does not contain the full charge of air but only a part of it, the
    remainder being in the cylinder space.
    The precombustion chamber is usually more or less cylindrical in shape.


                                          Exercises

   I.     Переведите письменно 1,3,6,7-й абзацы текста.
   II.    Переведите предложения, обращая внимание                         на    функцию
          инфинитива. Подчеркните инфинитив.

        1.To provide successful combustion inside the cylinders is very important for
        high efficiency.
        2.Small-bore, high-speed engines require highly developed combustion chambers
to prepare the fuel charge.
        3.To help bring the fuel and air together modern engines often depart from the
    flat shape of the piston crown and cylinder head.
        4.The auxiliary chamber is shaped to create highly turbulent conditions.

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