Английский язык. Писарева Л.П. - 28 стр.

1.What are the necessary conditions for successful combustion?
2. What do atomization and spreading of fuel depend on?
3. What determines the temperature conditions inside the engine cylinder?
4. What do most combustion spaces produce?
5. What kinds of combustion chambers do you know?
6. Where is the fuel in turbulence chamber designs injected?
7. Are turbulence chambers sphere shaped?
8. Where is the fuel injected in «open» combustion engines?


                                     Вариант IV
                                         Text
                                Fuel Injection System

1. In the development of the Diesel engine more thought and effort have been
   expanded on designs of fuel injection systems than on all the other mechanical
   details of the engine.
2. In an internal-combustion engine, gasoline or Diesel, the combustion process is
   rather complicated. All such engines operate with intermittent combustion. A charge
   of fuel is mixed with the air and ignited in the engine cylinder. Combustion
   continues until the entire fuel charge has been burned, during the power stroke of
   the piston. Mixing of the fuel and air and combustion of the mixture must take place
   in the Diesel cylinder between the time of fuel introduction or injection, and the
   time when the piston starts on its power stroke. The time interval must, therefore, be
   short, especially in high-speed Diesels where the interval is measured in hundred the
   of a second.
3. Diesel designers have developed a multitude of injection designs in the attempt to
   ensure thorough mixing of fuel and air. These designs may quite properly be termed
   fuel injection systems.
4. Two basic systems of introducing the fuel charge into the cylinder of a Diesel are in
   general use. Those are:
   1. air-injection and 2. pump, or “solid injection. The first is seldom applied to new
       Diesels at present, and than only when a low-grade, heavy fuel oil is to be
       burned.
5. With pump injection, each cylinder has its own fuel injection pump connected
   directly through piping to the spray nozzle of the individual engine cylinder. In this
   system oil is drawn into individual pump through the suction valve. When the nose
   of the fuel cam strikes the lower end of the pump plunger, the oil in the pump barrel
   is forced out through the discharge valve. The pipeline is kept filled with oil, so
   when a new charge of oil enters the piping from the fuel pump, an equal amount is
   pushed out of the pipe into the spray valve mounted in the cylinder head. This oil
   acts upon the surface created by the design of the spray valve needle. The oil then
   issues through openings into the engine cylinder.

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