Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений для студентов специальности "Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок". Писарева Л.П. - 10 стр.

                                             Lesson 3
                                              Valves

       There are several arrangements to provide gas distribution phases in marine Diesel en-
gines: the exhaust valve, the fuel valve, the camshaft, the starting valve. They ensure starting
and reversing the engine, normal ahead and astern engine operation.
       The exhaust valve housing is made of close-grained cast iron, water-cooled and fastened
to the cylinder cover by heavy studs. The gas passage is formed to give the least possible resis-
tance to the escaping exhaust gases.
       The exhaust valve and steam are forged in one piece of highly alloyed heat-resistant
steel.
       The starting valve is amply dimensioned to give a quick start under all conditions and is
air-operated through pilot valves, the air acting on a bronze piston fastened to the outer end of
the valve stem.
       The fuel valve has a sprint stem and is opened automatically by the oil pressure from the
fuel pump.
       The housing is of steel, and the stems and liners are of alloyed steel heat treated to a very
high hardness.
       The atomizers are fuel oil-cooled which, in combination with the very small amount of
oil enclosed between valve seat and atomizer holes and the rapid closing of the valve seat and
atomizer holes and the rapid closing of the valve, prevents formation of coke at the atomizer
holes, and thus ensures faultless combination at all times, even with fuels tending to coke for-
mation.
       The camshaft, which is driven from the crankshaft by means of a roller chain, is placed in
an oil-tight housing and is supported in pressure lubricated white metal-lined bearings.
       The exhaust valves are actuated by hardened cams, the motion being transmitted through
hardened rollers in cylindrical guides’ pushrods and rocking levers.
       The starting air pilot valves are actuated from cams on a separate shaft which, by means
of the reversing handle, is brought in the desired position for ahead or astern running.


                                           Vocabulary

      arrangement                             устройство
      gas distribution                        газораспределение
      fuel valve                              топливный клапан
      starting valve                          пусковой клапан
      ahead and astern operation              работа тел «вперед» и «назад»
      valve housing                           корпус клапана
      close-grained                           мелкозернистый, плотный
      the least                               наименьший
      to escape                               уходить
      valve steam                             исток клапана
      heat-resistant                          жаропрочный
      alloyed steel                           легированная сталь
      spring loaded                           пружинный
      to treat                                обрабатывать
      atomizer                                форсунка, распылитель
      valve seat                              седло или гнездо клапана
      coke                                    кокс, коксоваться
      to place                                ставить, располагать
      faultless                               безупречный

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