Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений для студентов специальности "Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок". Писарева Л.П. - 22 стр.

past the rings. These things must be done despite high temperature of combustion and high
pressure resulting from combustion. The first tends to oxidize or burn the oil and the second
tends to squeeze it out from between the surfaces or force the combustion gases past the rings.
The principal problem is to produce an oil that will not break down and form carbon and gum-
my lacquer that will cause the piston rings to stick or break.
      The customary method of applying oil to the cylinder walls is by means of small pumps
assembled in units of from 2 to 24, known as mechanical lubrications. The oil is supplied in
measured quantities, only enough to maintain a film and continuously replace that portion of
the oil that is burnt or blown past the rings.

                                     Bearing Lubrication

      Bearing lubrication is effected by means of a pressure circulating system. A large amount
of oil under pressure if forced through the bearings. In general, the system is made up of a
sump from which a circulating pump draws oil and discharges it through the coolers and filters
to a manifold which has a branch to each main bearings. Some of the oil flows out of the ends
of the main bearings while the rest passes through an axial hole in the crankshaft to the crank-
pin bearings. Here more oil is lost and the rest passes through axial holes in the connecting
rods to the wristpin or crosshead bearings. From here all of the oil may be discharged from the
bearings into the crankpin or a portion may be passed through pipes to the interior of the pis-
tons for cooling purposes and then return to the sump.


                                         Vocabulary

     maintenance                                   сохранение
     relative                                      относительный
     to apply                                      наносить; применять
     seal                                          герметизация
     blow                                          прорыв
     despite                                       независимо от
     to oxidize                                    окислять
     to squeeze (out)                              выжимать, выдавливать
     past                                          зд. через
     carbon                                        нагар, сажа
     gum(my)                                       смола; смолообразный
     lacquer                                       лакообразный нагар
     to stick                                      застревать, заедать, залипать,
                                                   слипаться
     to assemble                                   собирать
     unit                                          блок
     is effected by                                выполняется
     amount = quantity                             количество
     to draw                                       засасывать
     to discharge                                  подавать
     cooler                                        холодильник
     manifold                                      коллектор
     the rest                                      остальная часть
     axial                                         осевой
     hole                                          отверстие
     crankpin                                      мотылевый
     wristpin                                      шатунный
     interior                                      внутренний
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