Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений для студентов специальности "Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок". Писарева Л.П. - 21 стр.

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КамчатГТУ | Петропавловск-Камчатский

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gy of the fuel jet and that of the swirl of air in the turbulence chamber. If fuel is injected direct-
ly into the main combustion chamber, in which there is little or no turbulence, all of this energy
must be supplied by way of the fuel jet, from which it is natural to conclude that in a turbu-
lence – chamber engine it is possible to work with lower injection pressures than in an engine
having direct injection into the main combustion chamber. This is one advantage of the turbu-
lence – chamber engine.
I. Answer the following questions to the text.
1. What are the necessary conditions for successful combustion?
2. What determine the temperature conditions inside engine cylinder?
3. What kind of combustion chambers do you know?
4. What engine use direct injection?
5. What is a precombustion – chamber engine?
6. What is the difference between the turbulence
– chamber engine and the precombustion –
– chamber engine?
II. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Судовые двигатели преимущественно имеют непосредственное впрыскивание
топлива.
2. Двигатели, работающие на максимально высоких скоростях, используют камеры
особых конструкций, т. е. вихревые.
3. Топливо подается в камеру сгорания или впрыскивается в особую предкамеру
под давлением в 100 а.т.м. и это зависит от типа камеры сгорания.
4. В двигателях с непосредственным впрыскиванием топливо подается в камеру
сгорания.
5. Для интенсивного смесеобразования в быстроходных двигателях применяется
вихревая камера.
III. Give synonyms to the following words.
To separate, portion, cross, area, thoroughly entire, to drop, passage, to use, device, me-
dium to fit, to feed.
IV. Point out the suffixes in the following words and translate them into Russian.
Formation, considerable, clearance, effective, receiver, partially, similar, likely, suitability,
turbulence, expansion, useful, passage, feature, loosen, gaseous, careless, particularly, viscosity.
Lesson 7
Engine Lubrication
The purpose of lubrication is the maintenance of a film of lubricant between any two sur-
faces having relative motion. In the diesel engine there are two general types of surfaces –
those inside the cylinders and those in the bearings. Mineral oils are mostly used as lubricant.
This oil must be applied in small quantities for lubrication of the cylinders, but if it is used for
bearing lubrication, the oil can be applied in any desired quantity and used repeatedly.
Cylinder Lubrication
Cylinder lubrication has two purposes – to maintain the required film to separate the liner
surface and the surfaces of the piston rings and to act as a seal to prevent gases from blowing
21
gy of the fuel jet and that of the swirl of air in the turbulence chamber. If fuel is injected direct-
ly into the main combustion chamber, in which there is little or no turbulence, all of this energy
must be supplied by way of the fuel jet, from which it is natural to conclude that in a turbu-
lence – chamber engine it is possible to work with lower injection pressures than in an engine
having direct injection into the main combustion chamber. This is one advantage of the turbu-
lence – chamber engine.

      I. Answer the following questions to the text.
      1. What are the necessary conditions for successful combustion?
      2. What determine the temperature conditions inside engine cylinder?
      3. What kind of combustion chambers do you know?
      4. What engine use direct injection?
      5. What is a precombustion – chamber engine?
      6. What is the difference between the turbulence
         – chamber engine and the precombustion –
         – chamber engine?

     II. Translate the following sentences into English.
     1. Судовые двигатели преимущественно имеют непосредственное впрыскивание
топлива.
     2. Двигатели, работающие на максимально высоких скоростях, используют камеры
особых конструкций, т. е. вихревые.
     3. Топливо подается в камеру сгорания или впрыскивается в особую предкамеру
под давлением в 100 а.т.м. и это зависит от типа камеры сгорания.
     4. В двигателях с непосредственным впрыскиванием топливо подается в камеру
сгорания.
     5. Для интенсивного смесеобразования в быстроходных двигателях применяется
вихревая камера.

     III. Give synonyms to the following words.
     To separate, portion, cross, area, thoroughly entire, to drop, passage, to use, device, me-
dium to fit, to feed.

      IV. Point out the suffixes in the following words and translate them into Russian.
      Formation, considerable, clearance, effective, receiver, partially, similar, likely, suitability,
turbulence, expansion, useful, passage, feature, loosen, gaseous, careless, particularly, viscosity.




                                             Lesson 7
                                        Engine Lubrication

      The purpose of lubrication is the maintenance of a film of lubricant between any two sur-
faces having relative motion. In the diesel engine there are two general types of surfaces –
those inside the cylinders and those in the bearings. Mineral oils are mostly used as lubricant.
This oil must be applied in small quantities for lubrication of the cylinders, but if it is used for
bearing lubrication, the oil can be applied in any desired quantity and used repeatedly.

                                       Cylinder Lubrication

      Cylinder lubrication has two purposes – to maintain the required film to separate the liner
surface and the surfaces of the piston rings and to act as a seal to prevent gases from blowing

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