Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений для студентов специальности "Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок". Писарева Л.П. - 23 стр.

                                            Exercises

      I. Translate the following words and word-combinations from English into Russian.
      A film of lubricant, to have relative motion, to separate, to act as a seal, to prevent gases
from blowing, past the rings, to oxidize the oil, to squeeze the oil out, to apply oil, to assemble
in units, measured quantity, is effected by, pressure circulating system, large amount, to force
through, to draw and discharge, a manifold with a branch, axial hole, crankpin bearing, wrist-
pin bearing, crosshead bearing, a portion of oil, to pass through the pipe, interior of the piston,
a sump.

     II. Give English equivalents.
     Чтобы смазать, поддерживать масляную пленку, движущиеся части, система смаз-
ки под давлением, сверленные отверстия, передавать масло к, подшипники мотылевых
шеек, стекать в картер, мокрый картер, избыток смазки, сухой картер, предотвратить об-
разование смоло- и лакообразного нагара, залипание колец, прорваться через, нагнетать,
мотылевый подшипник, шатунный подшипник.

      III. Answer the questions.
      1. Why is it necessary to lubricate the engine parts?
      2. What oil is used for lubrication?
      3. What mechanism supplies oil to the cylinder walls?
      4. What lubrication system is used to oil bearings?
      5. What quantity can oil be applied in when lubricating cylinder and bearings?
      6. What way does oil pass to the crankpin bearings?
      7. Why is it necessary to clean the oil before supplying it to the system?

     IV. Translate sentences into English.
     1. Смазка предотвращает износ деталей двигателя.
     2. Смазка цилиндров имеет 2 цели. Масляная пленка разделяет поверхности втулок
и поршневых колец. Она предотвращает прорыв газов за кольцами.
     3. Для смазки подшипников используется циркуляционная система под давлением.
     4. Циркуляционный насос засасывает масло и подает его через охладители и
фильтры к трубопроводу.
     5. Масло подается к поршневому подшипнику через отверстие в шатуне.
     6. Механические лубрикаторы подают масло в небольших количествах.

       V. Read the text and ask as many questions as possible. Work in pairs.
       Lubrication systems differ according to the engine size and design. Pressure-circulating
system may be used to lubricate the main and connecting rod bearings, camshaft, valve gear
and auxiliary bearings.
       Small engines cylinder wall are lubricated by oil spray produced when oil under pressure is
forced out of the crankpin bearings. A positive drive pump in the crankcase forces oil to a filter,
then distributes it to the crankshaft and valve mechanism. Drilled holes in the crankshaft carry oil
to the crankpin bearings, where some oil escapes at the sides to produce an oil spray which bathes
the cylinder walls. The rest passes through a long hole in the connecting rod to the wristpin bear-
ings. Excess oil from the various parts of the system returns to the crankcase to recirculation.
       In large engines a separate mechanical force-feed system is used to lubricate the cylinder
walls. A forced-feed lubricator consists of a group of small reciprocating pumps mounted in a
single casing. Each pump is connected by tubing to a cylinder feed (or point). The pumps are
driven from the engine by an accentric, or by a crank, or by a gearing. The amount of oil fed by
each pump is usually separately adjustable. The excess oil drains off the cylinder walls into the
bearing oil in the crankcase.

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