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§2. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔÉ 9
ÏÔËÕÄÁ, ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÑ ÓÏÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÏ×, ÏËÏÎÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÏ-
ÌÕÞÁÅÍ
lim
x→∞
ln(x
2
+ 4x + 2)
ln(x
10
+ x
3
+ x)
=
2 + 0
10 + 0
=
1
5
.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 7. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ lim
x→−∞
x
2
+ 4x + 5 + x
.
òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ [ ]. åÓÌÉ x < 0, ÔÏ
p
x
2
+ 4x + 5 + x =
4x + 5
x
2
+ 4x + 5 x
=
4 +
5
x
q
1 +
4
x
+
5
x
2
1
,
ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, lim
x→−∞
x
2
+ 4x + 5 + x
= 2.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 8. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ lim
x+
x
2
+ 9x x
.
òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ [ ].
p
x
2
+ 9x x =
x
2
+ 9x x
2
x
2
+ 9x + x
=
9x
x
2
+ 9x + x
=
=
9
q
x
2
+9x
x
2
+
x
x
=
9
q
1 +
9
x
+ 1
,
ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, lim
x+
x
2
+ 9x x
=
9
2
.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 9. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ lim
x1
x
3
1
x
2
4x+3
.
òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ
0
0
. ÷ ÐÒÏËÏÌÏÔÏÊ ÏËÒÅÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ
ÔÏÞËÉ x = 1 ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ
x
3
1
x
2
4x + 3
É
x
2
+ x + 1
x 3
ÔÏÖÄÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÒÁ×ÎÙ, ÚÎÁÞÉÔ, ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÒÉ x 1 ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ. ðÒÅ-
ÄÅÌ lim
x1
x
2
+x+1
x3
×ÙÞÉÓÌÑÅÔÓÑ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÕÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÐÒÅÄÅÌÅ ÞÁÓÔ-
ÎÏÇÏ É ÐÒÅÄÅÌÅ ÍÎÏÇÏÞÌÅÎÁ. éÔÁË,
lim
x1
x
3
1
x
2
4x + 3
= lim
x1
x
2
+ x + 1
x 3
=
lim
x1
x
3
1
x
2
4x+3
lim
x1
x
2
+x+1
x3
=
3
2
.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 10. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ lim
x0
tg xsin x
x
3
.
òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ
0
0
. ðÏÌØÚÕÑÓØ ÓÏÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑÍÉ
ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÍ
lim
x0
tg x sin x
x
3
= lim
x0
tg x · (1 cos x)
x
3
= lim
x0
x ·
x
2
2
x
3
=
1
2
.
§2. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÁ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔÉ                                       9

ÏÔËÕÄÁ, ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÑ ÓÏÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÅÄÅÌÏ×, ÏËÏÎÞÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÏ-
ÌÕÞÁÅÍ
                        ln(x2 + 4x + 2)    2+0      1
                    lim                 =        =    .
                   x→∞ ln(x10 + x3 + x)   10 + 0 5
                                        √                
  ðÒÉÍÅÒ 7. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ lim          x2 + 4x + 5 + x .
                                    x→−∞
  òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ [∞ − ∞]. åÓÌÉ x < 0, ÔÏ
      p
        2
                             4x + 5            4 + x5
       x + 4x + 5 + x = √               = q               ,
                         x2 + 4x + 5 − x − 1 + 4 + 52 − 1
                                                                 x       x
                   √               
ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, lim  x2 + 4x + 5 + x = −2.
              x→−∞                   √           
   ðÒÉÍÅÒ 8. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ lim     x2 + 9x − x .
                                    x→+∞
  òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ [∞ − ∞].
 p
   2
               x2 + 9x − x2      9x
  x + 9x − x = √            =√            =
                x2 + 9x + x   x2 + 9x + x
                                                           9                 9
                                                  =q                     =q        ,
                                                        x2 +9x       x         9
                                                          x2     +   x
                                                                           1+ x +1
                        √
                         x2 + 9x − x = 29 .
                                    
ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, lim
                 x→+∞
                                              3
   ðÒÉÍÅÒ 9. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ lim x2x−4x+3 −1
                                              .
                                    x→1       0
   òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ 0 . ÷ ÐÒÏËÏÌÏÔÏÊ ÏËÒÅÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ
ÔÏÞËÉ x = 1 ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ
                             x3 − 1      x2 + x + 1
                                       É
                          x2 − 4x + 3       x−3
ÔÏÖÄÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÒÁ×ÎÙ, ÚÎÁÞÉÔ, ÉÍÅÀÔ ÐÒÉ x → 1 ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ. ðÒÅ-
         2
ÄÅÌ lim x x−3
           +x+1
                ×ÙÞÉÓÌÑÅÔÓÑ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÕÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎÉÑ Ï ÐÒÅÄÅÌÅ ÞÁÓÔ-
    x→1
ÎÏÇÏ É ÐÒÅÄÅÌÅ ÍÎÏÇÏÞÌÅÎÁ. éÔÁË,
                                                           3
                   3
                  x −1              2
                                 x + x + 1 x→1    lim x2x−4x+3
                                                          −1
                                                            3
           lim             = lim          =      2      = −   .
           x→1 x2 − 4x + 3   x→1   x−3      lim x x−3
                                                   +x+1     2
                                                  x→1

  ðÒÉÍÅÒ 10. ÷ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ÐÒÅÄÅÌ lim tg x−sin
                                      x 3
                                           x
                                             .
                              x→0         0
  òÅÛÅÎÉÅ. éÍÅÅÍ ÎÅÏÐÒÅÄÅ̾ÎÎÏÓÔØ ×ÉÄÁ 0 .           ðÏÌØÚÕÑÓØ ÓÏÏÔÎÏÛÅÎÉÑÍÉ
ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÍ
                                                                     2
              tg x − sin x       tg x · (1 − cos x)       x · x2   1
          lim              = lim                    = lim        =   .
          x→0      x3        x→0         x3           x→0 x3       2