Практикум по истории языка (древнеанглийский период). Пятышина Т.Г - 35 стр.

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35
UNIT IV. OLD ENGLISH SYNTAX
Introduction
As far as syntax of Old English is concerned, even Otto Jespersen,
the well-known author of "Growth and Structure of the English
Language", noticed that "our want of adequate early texts in Scandinavia
as well as in North England makes it impossible for us to state
anything very definite; but the nature of those loans which we are
able to verify, warrants the conclusions that the intimate fusion of the two
languages must certainly have influenced syntactical relations, and when
we find in later times numerous striking correspondences between English
and Danish, it seems probable that some of them date from the Viking
settlements." [8]
"Syntax has been described as the study of "the traffic rules of
language". If this is so, you are offered here only a simplified Anglo-
Saxon highway code, designed to deal with constructions likely to worry
the beginner. OE syntax is recognizably English; in some passages the
word order at least is almost without exception that of ME" [8].
Another source of difficulty becomes apparent from a study of the
major differences between OE and ME. It is sometimes said that OE is the
period of full inflexions and ME is the period of leveled inflexions (all
with the vowel e).
E.g. -e, -es, -en, as opposed to the endings of OE with their
different vowels, ME depends on word-order and prepositions to make
distinctions which in an inflected language are made by the case endings.
Word order
As in ME, the word order S–V in Old English can occur in
principal and subordinate clauses.
E.g. he hæfde an swīþe ǣnlīc wīf "he had a most excellent wife"
and þe getimbrode his hūs ofer sand "who built his house on sand".
The word order S–V is most common in subordinate clauses
before and after ond "and" and ac "but".
E.g. se micla here, ϸe we gefyrn ymbe sprǣc "the great army which
we spoke about".
E.g. Ac ic þa sona eft me selfum andwyrde "But again I
immediately answered myself".

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