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§1. îÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÌ. . . 11
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 11.
Z
e
2x
e
2x
+ 1
dx =
1
2
Z
e
2x
e
2x
+ 1
d2x =
1
2
Z
de
2x
e
2x
+ 1
=
1
2
Z
d(e
2x
+ 1)
e
2x
+ 1
=
=
1
2
Z
dt
t
=
1
2
ln |t| + C =
1
2
ln(e
2x
+ 1) + C.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 12.
Z
x dx
5x
2
− 3
=
1
2
Z
dx
2
5x
2
− 3
=
1
2 · 5
Z
d(5x
2
− 3)
5x
2
− 3
=
=
1
10
Z
dt
t
=
1
10
ln |t| + C =
1
10
ln |5x
2
− 3| + C.
II. ðÒÉÍÅÎÑÑ ×ÔÏÒÕÀ ÆÏÒÍÕ ÐÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏÍ 4. ÷ ÐÏ-
ÄÙÎÔÅÇÒÁÌØÎÏÅ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÐÏÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ x ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ
x = ω(t), Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ:
Z
f(x) dx =
Z
f(ω(t)) dω(t) =
Z
f(ω(t))ω
0
(t) dt =
Z
g(t) dt,
ÇÄÅ g(t) ¡ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÕÄÏÂÎÁÑ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ, ÞÅÍ f(x). ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ
ÎÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ ω(t) ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑ ÓÔÒÏÇÏÊ ÍÏÎÏÔÏÎÎÏÓÔÉ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÅÓ-
ÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ t = v(x) É ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ:
Z
f(x) dx =
Z
g(t) dt = G(t) + C = G(v(x)) + C.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 13.
Z
dx
√
x (4 +
3
√
x)
.
ðÒÉÍÅÎÑÑ ÐÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ x = t
6
, ÐÏÌÕÞÉÍ
√
x = t
3
,
3
√
x = t
2
, dx = dt
6
= 6t
5
dt
É
Z
6t
5
dt
t
3
(4 + t
2
)
= 6
Z
t
2
4 + t
2
dt = 6
Z
t
2
+ 4 − 4
t
2
+ 4
dt =
= 6
Z
1 −
4
t
2
+ 4
dt = 6
Z
dt − 24
Z
dt
t
2
+ 4
=
= 6t − 12 arctg
t
2
+ C = 6
6
√
x + 12 arctg
6
√
x
2
+ C.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ 14.
Z
p
9 − x
2
dx.
§1. îÅÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÊ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÁÌ. . . 11 ðÒÉÍÅÒ 11. e2x 1 e2x 1 de2x 1 d(e2x + 1) Z Z Z Z dx = d2x = = = e2x + 1 2 e2x + 1 2 e2x + 1 2 e2x + 1 1 dt 1 1 Z = = ln |t| + C = ln(e2x + 1) + C. 2 t 2 2 ðÒÉÍÅÒ 12. x dx 1 dx2 1 d(5x2 − 3) Z Z Z = = = 5x2 − 3 2 5x2 − 3 2 · 5 5x2 − 3 1 dt 1 1 Z = = ln |t| + C = ln |5x2 − 3| + C. 10 t 10 10 II. ðÒÉÍÅÎÑÑ ×ÔÏÒÕÀ ÆÏÒÍÕ ÐÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ, ÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏÍ 4. ÷ ÐÏ- ÄÙÎÔÅÇÒÁÌØÎÏÅ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÐÏÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ x ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ x = ω(t), Á ÉÍÅÎÎÏ: Z Z Z Z 0 f (x) dx = f (ω(t)) dω(t) = f (ω(t))ω (t) dt = g(t) dt, ÇÄÅ g(t) ¡ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÕÄÏÂÎÁÑ ÄÌÑ ÉÎÔÅÇÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ, ÞÅÍ f (x). ðÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÎÁ ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ ω(t) ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑ ÓÔÒÏÇÏÊ ÍÏÎÏÔÏÎÎÏÓÔÉ, ÞÔÏ ÏÂÅÓ- ÐÅÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ t = v(x) É ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ: Z Z f (x) dx = g(t) dt = G(t) + C = G(v(x)) + C. ðÒÉÍÅÒ 13. dx Z √ √ . x (4 + 3 x) √ √ ðÒÉÍÅÎÑÑ ÐÏÄÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÕ x = t6 , ÐÏÌÕÞÉÍ x = t3 , 3 x = t2 , dx = dt6 = 6t5 dt É 6t5 dt t2 Z 2 t +4−4 Z Z = 6 dt = 6 dt = t3 (4 + t2 ) 4 + t2 t2 + 4 Z 4 dt Z Z =6 1− 2 dt = 6 dt − 24 = t +4 t2 + 4 √ t √ 6 x = 6t − 12 arctg + C = 6 6 x + 12 arctg + C. 2 2 ðÒÉÍÅÒ 14. Z p 9 − x2 dx.
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