ВУЗ:
Составители:
Рубрика:
139
Labourers often talk of "getting a job", or "having a job". This conceptual metaphor of
a "job" as a possession has led to its use in slogans such as "money for jobs, not bombs".
Similar conceptions are that of "land" as a possession (real estate) or intellectual rights as a
possession (intellectual property).
An employer is a person or institution that hires employees or workers. Employers
offer wages to the workers in exhange for the worker's labor-power.
Employers include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments and
businesses which hired many thousands of employees. In most western societies
governments are the largest single employers, but most of the work force is employed in
small and medium businesses in the private sector.
Note that although employees may contribute to the evolution of an enterprise, the
employer maintains autonomous control over the productive infrastructure of land and
capital, and is the entity named in contracts. The employer typically also maintains
ownership of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment
and as a function thereof. These are known as "works for hire".
Within large organizations the management of employees is often handled by Human
Resources departments.
An employee is any person hired by an employer – typically, a worker hired to
perform a specific "job". Typical examples include accountants, solicitors, lawyers,
photographers, among many other worker classifications.
There are differing classes of employee. Some are permanent and provide a guaranteed
salary, other employers hire workers on short term contracts or rely on consultants.
The employee contributes labour and expertise to an enterprise. Employees perform
the discrete activity of economic production. Of the three factors of production, employees
usually provide the labor.
Some companies feel that a happier work force is a better one and thus offer extra
benefits to improve morale and performance. However, other employers try to increase
profits by providing low wages and few benefits. To resist this, employees can organize into
labor unions (American English), or trade unions (British English), who represent most of
the available work force and must therefore be listened to by the management. This is the
source of considerable bad feeling between the two sides, and sometimes even violence.
Страницы
- « первая
- ‹ предыдущая
- …
- 137
- 138
- 139
- 140
- 141
- …
- следующая ›
- последняя »
