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76
Vulgar Latin, as in this political graffiti at Pompeii, was the language of the ordinary
people of the Roman Empire, distinct from the Classical Latin of literature.
On the other hand, Viking graffiti can be found in Rome, and Varangians carved their
runes in Hagia Sophia. Many times in history graffiti were used as form of fight with
opponents. The Irish had their own inscriptive language called Ogham.
Frescos and murals are art forms that involve leaving images and writing on wall
surfaces. Like the prehistoric cave wall paintings, they are not graffiti, as they are created
with the explicit permission (and usually support) of the owner of the walls.
Starting with the large-scale urbanization of many areas in the 20th century, urban
gangs would mark walls and other pieces of public property with the name of their gang (a
"tag") in order to mark the gang's territory.
Near the end of the twentieth century, the practice of tagging became increasingly
non-gang related and began to be practiced for its own sake. Graffiti artists would sign their
"tags" for the sake of doing so and sometimes to increase their reputation and prestige as a
"writer" or a graffiti art ist.
Tags, like screennames, are sometimes chosen to reflect some qualities of the writer.
Some tags also contain subtle and often cryptic messages. The year in which the piece was
created, and in some cases the writer's initials or other letters, are sometimes incorporated
into the tag. In some cases, tags or graffiti are dedicated or created in memory of a deceased
friend.
In some cases, graffiti (especially those done in memory of a deceased person) found
on storefront gates have been so elaborate that shopkeepers have been hesitant to clean them
off. In the Bronx after the death of rapper Big Pun, several murals dedicated to his life
appeared virtually overnight, the same occurred after the deaths of The Notorious B.I.G. and
Tupac Shakur. Other highly elaborate works covering otherwise unadorned fences or walls
may likewise be so elaborate that property owners or the government may choose to keep
them rather than cleaning them off.
In the 20th century, especially during World War II, 'Kilroy was here' became a famous
graffito, along with Mr. Chad, a face with only the eyes and a nose hanging over the wall,
saying "What No [scarce commodity]...?" during the time of rationing. Twentieth century
warfare saw the advent of many new aviation technologies, closely followed by the advent
of airplane graffiti, including the nose art made famous during World War II.
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