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rules between the group of producers and the actors' union, Actors' Equity Association,
require that there be open calls for every show. The producers must also hire crew members
and orchestra members for the show.
Once the cas t has been ass embled rehearsals start, and in many cas es a show will open
on an out-of-town tryout. This gives producers and writers a chance to get the show in front
of an audience and make changes, while keeping it away from the prying eyes of the New
York press. In recent years, however, it has become more common for a show to forego the
out-of-town tryout and replace it with a month or more of previews in New York. If the
s how does open out-of-town, there will typically be a period of time, sometimes only a few
months or as much as a year, before the show goes to New York (if a show does poorly in
its tryout plans for a Broadway run may be scrapped). If a show goes to Broadway, it will
play previews for about a month. During previews the press is not allowed to review the
show; they must wait until the official opening night. In some cases previews may have
discounted ticket prices. During previews, the final changes are made to the show.
When a show opens, reviews by the critics will be very important. If a show gets great
reviews it will likely become popular; however, a show that receives negative reviews will
be hurt. When a s how gets bad reviews , producers will have to work to minimize the
damage. They will have to advertise very heavily and hope that the general public will see
the show, like it, and tell the people they know to go s ee it. Good word of mouth can
overcome mixed or negative reviews.
A successful show can run for years, sometimes more than a decade. The longest
running show in Broadway history is Cats, which ran for almost 18 years, totalling 7,485
performances . A success ful s how will a ls o spawn national tours and productions in
London's West End, Toronto, or other cities around the world (also, a successful West End
show often moves to Broadway).
An unsuccessful show may close withing weeks or months of opening. Producers may
lose millions of dollars on a flop.
A musical is a difficult art form to work with. A musical is almost always a maximum
of two and a half hours; it will usually be split into two acts and will have twenty to thirty
songs of varying length interspersed with book scenes (some musicals, however, are "sung-
through" and do not have any spoken dialogue, only singing). A musical's moments of
greatest dramatic intensity are usually performed in song; a song must be crafted to suit the
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