Английский язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации: природопользование. Тарасова Л.А - 58 стр.

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GRAMMAR
ÊÎÑÂÅÍÍÀß ÐÅ×Ü
Ñîäåðæàíèå ñîîáùåíèÿ ìîæíî ïåðåäàòü êàê ïðÿìîé ðå-
÷üþ, òàê è êîñâåííîé. Íàïðèìåð: He said: «I will go to the country
tomorrow» (ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü). He said that he would go to the country
the next day (êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü).
 àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ïðè ïåðåäà÷å êîñâåííîé ðå÷è íåîáõî-
äèìî ñëåäèòü çà ñîãëàñîâàíèåì âðåìåí. Ïðè îáðàùåíèè óòâåð-
äèòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèé èç ïðÿìîé ðå÷è â êîñâåííóþ ïðîèçâî-
äÿòñÿ ñëåäóþùèå èçìåíåíèÿ:
1) Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü ââîäèòñÿ ñîþçîì that, êîòîðûé ÷àñòî
îïóñêàåòñÿ.
2) Ãëàãîë to say, ïîñëå êîòîðîãî ñëåäóåò äîïîëíåíèå, çà-
ìåíÿåòñÿ ãëàãîëîì to tell.
3) Âðåìåíà ãëàãîëîâ â ïðèäàòî÷íîì ïðåäëîæåíèè èçìå-
íÿþòñÿ ñîãëàñíî ïðàâèëàì ñîãëàñîâàíèÿ âðåìåí.
4) Ìåñòîèìåíèÿ è íàðå÷èÿ çàìåíÿþòñÿ ïî ñìûñëó:
Ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü
here there
this that
these those
now then
today that day, at the time
tomorrow the next day
the day after tomorrow two days later
yesterday the day before, on the previous day
the day before yesterday two days before
last night (on) the previous night
ago before
next year the next year, the following year
Îáùèå âîïðîñû ââîäÿòñÿ ñîþçàìè if, whether, èìåþùèìè
çíà÷åíèå ÷àñòèöû «ëè».  ïðèäàòî÷íûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ ñîáëþäà-
åòñÿ ïîðÿäîê ñëîâ óòâåðäèòåëüíîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ.
He asked me: «Do you know hydrography?»
Îí ñïðîñèë ìåíÿ: «Âû çíàåòå ãèäðîãðàôèþ?»
He asked me if I knew hydrography.
                         GRAMMAR
                      ÊÎÑÂÅÍÍÀß ÐÅ×Ü

     Ñîäåðæàíèå ñîîáùåíèÿ ìîæíî ïåðåäàòü êàê ïðÿìîé ðå-
÷üþ, òàê è êîñâåííîé. Íàïðèìåð: He said: «I will go to the country
tomorrow» (ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü). He said that he would go to the country
the next day (êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü).
      àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ïðè ïåðåäà÷å êîñâåííîé ðå÷è íåîáõî-
äèìî ñëåäèòü çà ñîãëàñîâàíèåì âðåìåí. Ïðè îáðàùåíèè óòâåð-
äèòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèé èç ïðÿìîé ðå÷è â êîñâåííóþ ïðîèçâî-
äÿòñÿ ñëåäóþùèå èçìåíåíèÿ:
     1) Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü ââîäèòñÿ ñîþçîì that, êîòîðûé ÷àñòî
îïóñêàåòñÿ.
     2) Ãëàãîë to say, ïîñëå êîòîðîãî ñëåäóåò äîïîëíåíèå, çà-
ìåíÿåòñÿ ãëàãîëîì to tell.
     3) Âðåìåíà ãëàãîëîâ â ïðèäàòî÷íîì ïðåäëîæåíèè èçìå-
íÿþòñÿ ñîãëàñíî ïðàâèëàì ñîãëàñîâàíèÿ âðåìåí.
     4) Ìåñòîèìåíèÿ è íàðå÷èÿ çàìåíÿþòñÿ ïî ñìûñëó:
  Ïðÿìàÿ ðå÷ü            Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü
     here                     there
     this                     that
     these                    those
     now                      then
     today                    that day, at the time
     tomorrow                 the next day
     the day after tomorrow two days later
     yesterday                the day before, on the previous day
     the day before yesterday two days before
     last night               (on) the previous night
     ago                      before
     next year                the next year, the following year
     Îáùèå âîïðîñû ââîäÿòñÿ ñîþçàìè if, whether, èìåþùèìè
çíà÷åíèå ÷àñòèöû «ëè».  ïðèäàòî÷íûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ ñîáëþäà-
åòñÿ ïîðÿäîê ñëîâ óòâåðäèòåëüíîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ.
     He asked me: «Do you know hydrography?»
     Îí ñïðîñèë ìåíÿ: «Âû çíàåòå ãèäðîãðàôèþ?»
     He asked me if I knew hydrography.




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