Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 21 стр.

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21
them from both nouns and adjectives. From this angle the meaning of pronouns as
a part of speech can be stated as follows: pronouns point to the things and
properties without naming them.
Form
. As far as form goes pronouns fall into different types. Some of them
have the category of number (singular and plural), e. g. this, while others have no
such category, e. g. somebody. Again, some pronouns have the category of case (he
— him, somebody — somebody's), while others have none (something).
Function
. (a) Some pronouns combine with verbs (he speaks, find him),
while others can also combine with a following noun (this room). (b) In the
sentence, some pronouns may be the subject (he, what) or the object, while others
are the attribute (my). Pronouns can be predicatives.
4. Numeral
The treatment of numerals presents some difficulties, too. The so-called
cardinal numerals (one, two) are somewhat different from the so-called ordinal
numerals (first, second).
Meaning
. Numerals denote either number or place in a series.
Form
. Numerals are invariable.
Function
. (a) As far as phrases go, both cardinal and ordinal numerals
combine with a following noun (three rooms, third room); occasionally a numeral
follows a noun (soldiers three, George the Third). (b) In a sentence, a numeral
most usually is an attribute (three rooms, the third room), but it can also be subject,
predicative, and object: Three of them came in time; "We Are Seven" (the title of a
poem by Wordsworth); I found only four.
5. The verb
Meaning
. The verb as a part of speech expresses a process.
Form
. The verb is characterized by an elaborate system of morphological
categories, some of which are, however, controversial. These are: tense, aspect,
mood, voice, person, and number.
Function
. (a) Verbs are connected with a preceding noun (children play) and
with a following noun (play games). They are also connected with adverbs (write

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