Английский язык. Юлаева С.С. - 83 стр.

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Unit II
English
Business Documents
I. Read and translate the following text.
TRANPORT DOCUMENTS
BILLS OF LADING
The main transport documents are: the Railway Bill
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(for the transportation
by the railroad), the Airfreight Bill (for air transportation), the Autoway Bill (for
auto transport) and the Bill of Lading (B/L) (for sea transportation).
All these documents have much in common so there is no point in
discussing all of them. It would be more useful to discuss in detail the main sea
transportation document, i.e. the Bill of Lading, since the most voluminous
international trade is still carried out by sea — be it in terms of the sheer bulk of
the goods, or their cost.
The transport of goods between two countries is organizeid by forwarding
agents (shipping agents) who send the goods to destination either after
warehousing
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or directly.
The forwarding agent undertakes the collection of smaller consignment into
collective consignment (consolidated cargo), he sees to reforwarding or
redirection of goods, their transhipment, insurance and customs-clearance. He
gives on request information as to the freight rates, port dues (dock dues),
insurance rates, etc.
For the announcement of goods to be shipped a shipping note must be sent
by the forwarder (on behalf of the shipper) to a dock company or to the captain
of the ship. The shipping note contains the request to transport the goods to a
certain port of destination. Then, the goods are loaded on board the vessel, after
which the forwarder is given the mate's receipt certifying that the goods have
been taken on board the ship. It may be a "clean receipt'' if the packing is in
good order or a "foul receipt" if the packing of the goods leaves anything to be
desired.
Then the Bill of Lading is made out. It is the contract by which the
shipowner agrees to convey the shipper's cargo to the place of destination and to
hand it over to the addressee
in the port of discharge.
The Bill of Lading is made out in several stamped originals (usually three)
and a number of unstamped copies (up to twenty five). In the port of destination
only the holder of the Bill of Lading (which is sent either by air-mail or by
ship's mail) is entitled to receive the goods.
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