Методические указания по изучению английского языка на 3 курсе заочного факультета. Якушева И.В - 34 стр.

the strict economic sense. Economists are interested in measuring the services
which people render to each other. Although aware of the services which people
provide for nothing, they are not concerned with such services. In economics,
money is the standard by which the value of things is judged. This is no objective
scientific standard and not in any way related to standards of a religions, ethical
or subjective nature.

    Human labour produces both goods and services. The activities of a farm-
worker and nurse are very different but each is measurable in terms of payment
received. If however a farmer is a self-employed and does not receive a fixed
wage from anyone else, he is in a different category from the nurse and from his
own farmworkers. His activities are not wholly labour. His workers receive their
wages, but he receives whatever surplus (large or small) emerges from his farm-
ing. This surplus, like any surplus in industry or commerce, is what we usually
call "profit".
    Employers obtain their net profits only after they had paid all expenses arising
out of their business activities: interest, rentals, payments for machinery, wages
and overheads generally. The surplus is usually available only for employers and
their families. Normally part of it goes to those who have provided the initial
capital needed to start a business. There is always an element of risk in providing
capital needed for new businesses. Such businesses may fail. Both those who
provide the capital and those who run the businesses agree to bear the risk, but
employees of such businesses are not expected to bear any risk.


                   КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 6
                          Вариант 3
    I. Прочтите текст и поймите его содержание.
    II. Прочтите следующие предложения, укажите номера тех предложе-
ний, которые соответствуют содержанию текста:
    1. The world economy of the 1980 s has been characterized by a steady
growth of demand and output.
    2. Developed market-economy countries have succeeded in curbing inflation.
    3. Developed market-economy countries had the dominant share in world
trade.
    4. Most developing countries have been able to consolidate.
    5. The average per capita income of the developing countries fell further be-


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