Методические указания по изучению английского языка на 3 курсе заочного факультета. Якушева И.В - 32 стр.

   4. There is only one type of monopoly.
   5. State monopolies are quite common nowadays.
   III. Переведите 1 и 3 абзацы текста (письменно).
   IV. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочета-
ний:
   устанавливать цену, ограничивать деловую активность, покупать това-
ры, приносить доходы, антитрастовые законы, нарушать права, овладеть
рынком, скупая товары.
   V. Ответьте письменно на вопросы в тексту:
   1. Why is there no really perfect market ?
   2. What does the price ruling in a market indicate?
   3. What are the forms of monopoly?

    Text
    In a perfect market there can be only one price for any given commodity; the
lowest price which sellers can accept. There are however, no really perfect mar-
kets, because each market is subject to its own peculiar conditions. It can be said
however that the price ruling in a. market indicates the point where supply and
demand meet.
    Monopoly is one of the perculiar factors which can affect the sale and pur-
chase of certain commodities. In some markets there may be only one seller or a
cartel of sellers working very closely together to control prices» The result of
such monopolistic activity is to fix prices at a level suitable to the seller, a level
which may bring him artificially high profits. Many governments dislike the pro-
cedure and have taken legal action to restrict or halt any business activities di-
rected towards "cornering the market". In the US, anti-trust laws operate to limit
cartels and mergers, while in Britain the Monopolies Commission examines all
special arrangements and mergers referred to them by Board of Trade which ap-
pear to operate against the public interest.
    This type of monopoly is not the only possibility however. There are three
other forms: state, legal and natural. State monopolies are quite common nowa-
days, where the authorities in a particular country control industries like steel and
transport or important and prestigious services like national airlines. Legal mo-
nopolies are different, because the law permits certain individuals to benefit from
their special inventions, discoveries or processes. No other person may infringe
their rights in respect to such monopolies. Finally, natural monopoly arises where


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