Фрагменты когнитивной психологии. Бабушкин А.П. - 20 стр.

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visiting a restaurant, attending a lecture, getting up in the morning, visiting the doctor,
or going shopping. Some examples are shown in the following table; items labelled (1)
were mentioned by the most subjects and are considered the most important actions in a
script, items labelled (2) were mentioned by fewer subjects. and items labelled (3) were
mentioned by the fewest number of subjects and are considered the least important parts
of the script.

     Visiting a restaurant script                Attending a lecture script

Open door_____________________         3   Enter room___________________          1
Enter_________________________         2   Look for friends_______________        2
Give reservation name___________       2   Find seat_____________________         1
Wait to be seated_______________       3   Sit down_____________________          1
Go to table____________________        3   Settle belongings_______________       3
Be seated_____________________         1   Take out notebook_____________         1
Order drinks___________________        2   Look at other students__________       2
Put napkins on lap______________       3   Talk_________________________          2
Look at menu__________________         1   Look at lecturer________________       3
Discuss menu__________________         2   Listen to lecturer_______________      1
Order meal____________________         1   Take notes____________________         1
Talk_________________________          2   Check time___________________          1
Drink water___________________         3   Ask questions_________________         3
Eat salad or soup_______________       2   Change position in seat__________      3
Meal arrives___________________        3   Daydream____________________           3
Eat food______________________         1   Look at other students__________       3
Finish meal____________________        3   Take more notes_______________         3
Order dessert__________________        2   Close notebook________________         2
Eat dessert____________________        2   Gather belongings______________        2
Ask for bill____________________       3   Stand up_____________________          3
Bill arrives____________________       3   Talk_________________________          3
Pay bill_______________________        1   Leave_______________________           1
Leave tip______________________        2
Get coats______________________        3
Leave________________________          1


       The events are shown in the order in which they were usually mentioned. All of
these events were mentioned by at least 25 % of the subjects. Hence subjects agree
about the central features that constitute a script and their relative importance.
       Occasionally events turn up that are not in the script: for example, the waiter
might spill the soup on you Such events may be considered as obstacles or distractions,
because they get in the way of the main purpose of the script (here eating). Predictions
were made about two types of event in stories relating to the script. First, distractions,
that are in the way of the purpose of the script should be more likely to be remembered.