Практикум по переводу с английского языка на русский. Базарова Б.Б - 72 стр.

                                                          TEXT 2
      Editorial
                                       Rapid HIV testing in the dental setting
                                                  Michael Click, D.M.D.
           Today, it is possible to diagnose HIV disease with an oral fluid test. That raises an obvious question: should
                                dentists implement HIV testing in their dental offices?
      Almost 25 years after the first reports of AIDS in the United States, slowing the spread of the
causative virus (HIV) remains an elusive goal. Approximately 40 million people worldwide, including
an estimated one million Americans, live with this preventable, treatable but incurable disease.
      Although the modes of transmission have been known and are unchanged since the discovery of
HIV, 40,000 new infections occur annually in the United States alone. Many of these infections are
transmitted from people unaware of their HIV status. It is possible that 250,000 people in the United
States do not know they are HIV-infected, yet many continue to engage in behaviors linked to HIV
transmission.
      A disproportionately high number of newly diagnosed HIV infections in the United States are
found among ethnic minorities. Almost one-half of new infections occur among African-Americans,
16 percent among Hispanics and 32 percent among whites.1 Women account for the fastest growth in
the population of people newly diagnosed as positive for HIV.2 A recent study published by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows little overall epidemiological change in the
disease since the mid-to-late 1990s among men who have sex with other men (MSMs). 3 Specifically,
the incidence and prevalence rates still are high among MSMs, and many black MSMs younger than
30 years are unaware of their HIV infection.3
      Unfortunately, people at risk of acquiring HIV infection often do not get tested in a timely
fashion. As a result, more than one-third of all those tested for HIV in the United States already are so
far along in their HIV status that they develop AIDS within a year of diagnosis. This is particularly
disconcerting, as early medical intervention improves prognosis when compared with treatment that
starts after a patient's immune system already is severely compromised.
      Knowing one's HIV status often reduces risky behaviors, resulting in a decrease in HIV
transmissions. The most common reasons stated for not getting tested are the fear of finding out, the
fear that someone else will find out, the fear of losing jobs and insurance coverage, the fear of rejection
and loss of family and friends, and even the fear of needles.
      Obviously, the psychological impact of HIV testing differs sharply from that of most other
laboratory tests. Consequently, all HIV testing should be accompanied by-some type of counseling
with an appropriate care provider and, when necessary, referral to a physician.



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