Theoretical English Grammar. Part 2. Syntax. Бочарова М.В. - 14 стр.

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o Summary table on types of Objects:
prepositionless Objects
ĻĻ
prepositional Objects
ĻĻ
direct Object
(SVOd, SVOiOd)
indirect Object
(SVOiOd)
prepositional in-
direct Object
(SVOdOi prep)
prepositional Ob-
jects (SVOprep)
o THE ADVERBIAL ( / the Adjunct):
– gives information about the circumstances of the action denoted by the Predi-
cate: time, place, manner, degree, cause / reason, purpose, degree…,
– is represented by adverbs, adverb phrases and prepositional phrases.
o THE ATTRIBUTE:
– is not a separate sentence constituent, it can only form part of another sentence
constituent – S, O, or Predicative / Complement ĺ it’s the lowest in syntactic
rank among the sentence constituents,
– functionally, is used not to construct the basic pattern of the whole sentence,
but to expand other sentence constituents from within.
SYNTACTIC RELATIONS ON THE SENTENCE LEVEL
o A hierarchy of 3 basic types.
1. Predication, which distinguishes the sentence from the phrase:
– 1 point of view: the interrelation between the Subject and the Predicate
(the predicative basis of the sentence);
– Another point of view: the main sentence category, which establishes a
relation between the sentence and the real situation (the phenomenon of sen-
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o Summary table on types of Objects:


        prepositionless Objects                        prepositional Objects
             �            �                                �            �
   direct Object       indirect Object          prepositional in-   prepositional Ob-
 (SVOd, SVOiOd)          (SVOiOd)                direct Object      jects (SVOprep)
                                                (SVOdOi prep)


o THE ADVERBIAL ( / the Adjunct):
– gives information about the circumstances of the action denoted by the Predi-
 cate: time, place, manner, degree, cause / reason, purpose, degree…,
– is represented by adverbs, adverb phrases and prepositional phrases.


o THE ATTRIBUTE:
– is not a separate sentence constituent, it can only form part of another sentence
constituent – S, O, or Predicative / Complement � it’s the lowest in syntactic
rank among the sentence constituents,
– functionally, is used not to construct the basic pattern of the whole sentence,
but to expand other sentence constituents from within.


SYNTACTIC RELATIONS ON THE SENTENCE LEVEL


o A hierarchy of 3 basic types.


1. Predication, which distinguishes the sentence from the phrase:
    – 1 point of view: the interrelation between the Subject and the Predicate
(the predicative basis of the sentence);
    – Another point of view: the main sentence category, which establishes a
relation between the sentence and the real situation (the phenomenon of sen-
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