Уравнения математической физики. Сборник задач. Даишев Р.А - 70 стр.

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Составители: 

U (r, 0) = r
2
R
0
1
a
2
2
U
t
2
= U
U
U(r, t)
U
tt
= a
2
1
r
r
(r
U
r
),
|U(0, t)| = r
2
|U(0, t)| < ,
U(R,t)
r
= 0. U(r, t) = R(r)T (t)
R T
d
2
R
dr
2
+
1
r
dR
dr
+ λ
2
R = 0 ,
dT
dt
+ λ
2
a
2
T = 0.
R(r) = C
1
J
0
(λr)
N
0
(λr)
r = 0
R
0
(R
0
) = C
1
λJ
1
(λR
0
) J
1
(λr) = 0 λ = λ
k
=
µ
k
R
0
µ
k
J
1
(µ
k
) = 0, (k = 0 , 1, 2..., µ
0
= 0).
T
k
= c
k
e
a
2
µ
2
k
R
2
0
t
.
U(r, t) =
P
k=0
c
k
e
a
2
µ
2
k
R
2
0
t
J
0
(µ
k
r
R
0
)
ðè÷íîãî íà÷àëüíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ òåìïåðàòóðû U (r, 0) = r2 â
áåñêîíå÷íîì öèëèíäðå ðàäèóñà R0 , áîêîâàÿ ïîâåðõíîñòü êîòî-
ðîãî òåïëîèçîëèðîâàíà.
   Ð å ø å í è å. Çàäà÷à ñâîäèòñÿ ê èíòåãðèðîâàíèþ óðàâíåíèÿ:
                       1 ∂ 2U
                              = ∆U
                       a2 ∂t2
Îñåâàÿ ñèììåòðèÿ îçíà÷àåò íåçàâèñèìîñòü òåìïåðàòóðû U îò
óãëîâîé ïåðåìåííîé è óðàâíåíèå äëÿ U (r, t) â öèëèíäðè÷åñêîé
ñèñòåìå êîîðäèíàò ïðèìåò âèä:
                                  1 ∂ ∂U
                               Utt = a2
                                      (r      ),
                                  r ∂r ∂r
ïðè íà÷àëüíûõ óñëîâèÿõ |U (0, t)| = r2 è ãðàíè÷íûõ óñëîâèÿõ :
|U (0, t)| < ∞, ∂U∂r
                  (R,t)
                        = 0. Ïîëàãàÿ U (r, t) = R(r)T (t) è ðàçäåëÿÿ
ïåðåìåííûå, ïîëó÷àåì äâà óðàâíåíèÿ íà R è T :
            d2 R 1 dR                     dT
               2
                 +        + λ2 R = 0,        + λ2 a2 T = 0.
            dr     r dr                   dt
Ïåðâîå óðàâíåíèå ñâîäèòñÿ ê óðàâíåíèþ Áåññåëÿ íóëåâîãî ïî-
ðÿäêà. Åãî ðåøåíèå, êîíå÷íîå íà îñè öèëèíäðà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ôóíê-
öèÿ Áåññåëÿ íóëåâîãî ïîðÿäêà, ò.å. R(r) = C1 J0 (λr) (âòîðîå
÷àñòíîå ðåøåíèå ýòîãî óðàâíåíèÿ - ôóíêöèÿ Íåéìàíà N0 (λr)
îáðàøàåòñÿ â áåñêîíå÷íîñòü ïðè r = 0) Èç ãðàíè÷íîãî óñëîâèÿ
R0 (R0 ) = C1 λJ1 (λR0 ), ïîëó÷àåì J1 (λr) = 0 èëè λ = λk = Rµk0 ,
ãäå µk - ïîëîæèòåëüíûå êîðíè ôóíêöèè Áåññåëÿ 1-ãî ïîðÿäêà
J1 (µk ) = 0, (k = 0, 1, 2..., µ0 = 0). Ðåøåíèå âòîðîãî óðàâíåíèÿ:
               µ2
         −a2    kt
               R2
Tk = c k e      0    .
                                                       µ2
                                      ∞
                                      P          −a2    kt
                                                       R2
    Âûðàæåíèå            U (r, t) =         ck e        0    J0 (µk Rr0 )   óäîâëåòâîðÿ-
                                      k=0
åò âñåì óñëîâèÿì çàäà÷è, êðîìå íà÷àëüíîãî óñëîâèÿ. Òàê êàê

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