Английский язык: Сборник текстов и упражнений. Дьякова Н.П. - 71 стр.

dle reaches of the Amur, 1,500 km from the Amur Sound. Amur River salmon
stocks are depressed due partly to large scale illegal harvests.
    The first Amur basin hatcheries were built in order to maintain the upriver fall
chum stocks-Teplovsky Hatchery (1928) at 1,200 km from the Amur Sound, and
Bidzhansky Hatchery (1934) at 1,500 from the outlet of the Amur Udinsky Hat-
chery on the Amgun (270 km from Amur Sound) began operations in 1968 (700
km from Amur Sound). The Anyuisky, Ukhtinsky, Nygaisky and Oremifsky (pink
salmon) hatcheries are under construction, with a total projected capacity of 40
million smolts per year.
    The hatchery nearest to Amur Sound-Udinsky – was successful in the mid
1980s when Asian chum populations were experiencing a cyclical peak in abun-
dance. The Udensky Hatchery generated a commercially viable artificial run of
chum salmon quite rapidly, due in part to the fact that donor population was also
from the lower reaches of the Amur River.
    Experience has shown that hatchery placement in the upper portion of the
range of fall chum has its downsides. Most of the spawners are harvested during
their long return migration. Due to their largersize, male chums are more vulnera-
ble to gillnets than females, and returns have diminished to 21,5%. Hatchery ju-
veniles are more vulnerable to predators than wild juveniles, and mortality of
upriver releases ranges from 20-80% prior the entry into the Amur.
    The Amur hatchery system is based on extensive biotechnology. The system
can support releases as great as 29,5 million, but actual releases have diminished
from 60 million to 6 million over the past decade. The effectiveness of the Amur
hatchery system is very low hatchery contribution to the official fishery in 1990s
was estimated at 4–8%. Total hatchery releases over the past 11 years were 49
million, insignificant relative to natural reproduction. Hatchery practices have not
altered the population dynamics or structure of wild salmon stocks. Plans exist to
increase the hatchery system to a total of 53 hatcheries, with a capacity of 779
million juveniles year (559 million chums, 220 million pinks and 9–15 million
cherry salmon and 5–6 million coho per year).
    The long-term depression in abundance in fall chum continues and intensifies,
due largely to the uncontrollable harvest effort.

                                    Vocabulary

   stock                                 стадо, потомство
   viable                                жизнеспособный
   run                                   косяк, стадо
   vulnerable                            ранимый, уязвимый
   mortality                             смертность
   release                               выброс, высвобождение

   Do written translation of the text.

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