Мировая экономика и международный бизнес. Филиппова И.А. - 38 стр.

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ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɧɮɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɥɟɧɵ

ɟɜɪɨɡɨɧɵ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɝɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ

ɰɢɮɪɨɣ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3% ɨɬ ɢɯ ȼȼɉ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɜ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ

ɩɥɚɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɷɤɨɧɨ-

ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ 2003 ɝ. ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ «ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ 3%» ɩɪɚ-

ɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɨ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ ɧɚɥɨɝɢ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɚɛɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ (ɜɫɟɝɨ 0,25%). ɉɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚ-

ɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɟɜɪɨɡɨɧɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɛɨɪɵ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɡ-

ɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚ-

ɤɚɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɟɜ-

ɪɨɡɨɧɵ, ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ.

ȼ 2003 ɝ. ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɂɪɥɚɧɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ, ɬɨ-

ɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ȽȿɊɆȺɇɂə ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥ ɡɚɫɬɨɣ. ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɂɪɥɚɧɞɢɢ

ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɥɨ ɛɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɧɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥ

ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɜɤɢ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ-

ɬɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢ-

ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɜɨɤ.

Ⱥɦɫɬɟɪɞɚɦɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ (Treaty of Amsterdam), ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ 1997 ɝ.,

ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɥ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ. ȼ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ Ⱥɦ

ɫɬɟɪɞɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ:

– ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɸ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ

ȿɋ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɛɟɡɪɚɛɨɬɢɰɵ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ;

– ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ-

ɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ;

– ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɨɬ-

ɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɫɬɪɚɧ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȿɋ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ

ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.

ɇɢɰɰɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ (Treaty of Nice), ɜɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɣ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɜ ɮɟɜɪɚɥɟ 2003 ɝ., –

ɷɬɨ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ȿɜ-

ɪɨɩɟ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɥɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ

ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȿɋ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɚ. ȼ ɇɢɰɰ-

ɫɤɨɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ,

ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɪɢɫɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɦɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ

ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɧ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȿɋ, ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɫɨ-

ɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɟ ɨɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɟ

ɋɨɜɟɬɚ ȿɋ.

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜ, ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɠ-

ɞɨɦɭ ɱɥɟɧɭ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ

ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɚɧ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȿɋ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɫɹ ɞɨ 27,

ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ȿɋ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɵ.

Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɬɨɪɝɨ-

ɜɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ; ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ – ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɪ-

ɝɨɜɥɢ (European Free Trade Association). ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɂɫ-

151

ɥɚɧɞɢɹ, Ʌɢɯɬɟɧɲɬɟɣɧ, ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɹ ɢ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ.

ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɬɪɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ

ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɤ ȿɋ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ, ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞ

ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ «ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ» (European Economic Area), ɜ

ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ, ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɪɚɛɨ-

ɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ 18 ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɡɨɧɵ. ɋɬɪɚɧɵ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ

ɋɨɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ (ɋɇȽ), ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɡɨɧɭ ɫɜɨɛɨɞ-

ɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ. Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ ɢ Ʉɢɪɝɢɡɢɹ ɩɨɲɥɢ ɟɳɟ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ, ɫɨɡ-

ɞɚɜ ɜ 1995 ɝ. Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɸɡ.

ɋɟɜɟɪɨɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟ

ɋɟɜɟɪɨɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟ (North American

Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA) – ɷɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ, ɜɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɟ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɜ 1994 ɝ. ɢ

ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɦɟ-

ɠɞɭ Ʉɚɧɚɞɨɣ, Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɨɣ ɢ ɋɒȺ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɋɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜ-

ɥɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɋɒȺ ɢ Ʉɚɧɚɞɨɣ 1988 ɝ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɒɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɢ Ʉɚɧɚɞɨɣ

ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ: ɜ 2002 ɝ.

ɨɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ

$417 ɦɥɪɞ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɬɨɪ-

ɝɨɜɵɦ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɦ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɢ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɵɦ (ɩɨɫɥɟ Ʉɚ-

ɧɚɞɵ) ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɦ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɦ ɋɒȺ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ʉɚɧɚɞɨɣ ɢ

Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɨɣ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ.

Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ NAFTA ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨ-

ɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 15 ɥɟɬ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɵ

ɬɚɪɢɮɧɵɟ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɵ, ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɟɬɚɪɢɮɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢ-

ɥɢɫɶ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ – ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɰ NAF-

TA. ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɤɨ-

ɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɨ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ NAFTA ɩɪɟɞ-

ɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɥɢ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ

ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɢ ɢɡɛɪɚɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨ-

ɬɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ NAFTA, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟ-

ɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɨɩɚɫɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɨɫ-

ɩɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ NAFTA

ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ Ʉɚɧɚɞɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ

ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ (ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ

ɞɟɥɨ, ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɟ, ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɟ

ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɢɧɨɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹ). Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ

ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɋɒȺ ɦɨɝɭɬ

ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɚɜɢɚɩɟɪɟɜɨ-

ɡɨɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɞɢɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɩɪɟɞ-

ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.7.3.

152

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.7.3.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ

Ⱥɤɪɨɧɢɦ ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ [ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ]

AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area (Ɂɨɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ASEAN)

[Ȼɪɭɧɟɣ, Ʉɚɦɛɨɞɠɚ, ɂɧɞɨɧɟɡɢɹ, Ʌɚɨɫ, Ɇɚɥɚɣɡɢɹ, Ɇɶɹɧɦɚ, Ɏɢɥɢɩɩɢɧɵ, ɋɢɧɝɚ-

ɩɭɪ, Ɍɚɢɥɚɧɞ, ȼɶɟɬɧɚɦ]

ANCOM Andean Pact (Ⱥɧɞɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɤɬ)

[

Ȼɨɥɢɜɢɹ

Ʉɨɥ

ɦɛɢɹ

ɗɤɜɚɞɨ

ɪ,

ɉɟ

ɪɭ,

ȼɟɧɟɫ

ɷɥɚ

]

APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (Ⱥɡɢɚɬɫɤɨ-Ɍɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ

ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ)

[Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɹ, Ȼɪɭɧɟɣ, Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ, ɑɢɥɢ, Ʉɢɬɚɣ, Ƚɨɧɤɨɧɝ, ɂɧɞɨɧɟɡɢɹ, əɩɨɧɢɹ, Ɇɚɥɚɣ-

ɡɢɹ, Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ, ɇɨɜɚɹ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɢɹ, ɉɚɩɭɚ – ɇɨɜɚɹ Ƚɜɢɧɟɹ, ɉɟɪɭ, Ɏɢɥɢɩɩɩɢɧɵ, Ɋɨɫ-

ɫɢɹ, ɋɢɧɝɚɩɭɪ, ɘɠɧɚɹ Ʉɨɪɟɹ, Ɍɚɣɜɚɧɶ, Ɍɚɢɥɚɧɞ, ɋɒȺ, ȼɶɟɬɧɚɦ]

CACM Central American Common Market (ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ)

[Ʉɨɫɬɚ-Ɋɢɤɚ, ɋɚɥɶɜɚɞɨɪ, Ƚɜɚɬɟɦɚɥɚ, Ƚɨɧɞɭɪɚɫ, ɇɢɤɚɪɚɝɭɚ]

CARICOM Caribbean Community and Common Market (ɋɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ

Ʉɚɪɢɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ)

[Ⱥɧɬɢɝɭɚ ɢ Ȼɚɪɛɭɞɚ, Ȼɚɝɚɦɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ, Ȼɚɪɛɚɞɨɫ, Ȼɟɥɢɡ, Ⱦɨɦɢɧɢɤɚɧɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫ-

ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ, Ƚɪɟɧɚɞɚ, Ƚɚɣɚɧɚ, Ƚɚɢɬɢ, əɦɚɣɤɚ, Ɇɨɧɫɟɪɪɚɬ, ɋɟɧɬ-Ʉɢɬɫ ɢ ɇɟɜɢɫ, ɋɟɧɬ-

Ʌɭɫɢɹ, ɋɟɧɬ-ȼɢɧɫɟɧɬ ɢ Ƚɪɟɧɚɞɢɧɵ, ɋɭɪɢɧɚɦ, Ɍɪɢɧɢɞɚɞ ɢ Ɍɨɛɚɝɨ]

CEMAC Monetary and Economic Community of Central Africa (ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɚɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɟ

ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ) [Ʉɚɦɟɪɭɧ, ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɚɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫ-

ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ, ɑɚɞ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɨɧɝɨ, ɗɤɜɚɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ Ƚɜɢɧɟɹ, Ƚɚɛɨɧ, ɋɚɧ-Ɍɨɦɟ ɢ

ɉɪɢɧɫɢɩɢ]

CER Australia – New Zealand Closer Economic Trade Relations Agreement

(Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɣɫɤɨ-ɇɨɜɨɡɟɥɚɧɞɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ)

[Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɹ, ɇɨɜɚɹ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɢɹ]

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States (ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɩɚɞ-

ɧɨɚɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ)

[Ȼɟɧɢɧ, Ȼɭɪɤɢɧɚ-Ɏɚɫɨ, Ʉɚɛɨ-ȼɟɪɞɟ, Ƚɚɦɛɢɹ, Ƚɚɧɚ, Ƚɜɢɧɟɹ, Ƚɜɢɧɟɹ-Ȼɢɫɚɭ, Ʉɨɬ-

ɞ'ɂɜɭɚɪ, Ʌɢɛɟɪɢɹ, Ɇɚɥɢ, ɇɢɝɟɪ, ɇɢɝɟɪɢɹ, ɋɟɧɟɝɚɥ, ɋɶɟɪɪɚ-Ʌɟɨɧɟ, Ɍɨɝɨ]

EU European Union (ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ)

[Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɹ, Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɹ, ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ, Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ, Ƚɪɟɰɢɹ, Ⱦɚɧɢɹ, ɂɪɥɚɧɞɢɹ, ɂɫɩɚ-

ɧɢɹ, ɂɬɚɥɢɹ, Ʌɸɤɫɟɦɛɭɪɝ, ɇɢɞɟɪɥɚɧɞɵ, ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɹ, Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɹ, Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ,

ɒɜɟɰɢɹ]

EFTA European Free Trade Association (ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ)

[ɂɫɥɚɧɞɢɹ, Ʌɢɯɬɟɧɲɬɟɣɧ, ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɹ, ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ]

GCC Gulf Cooperation Council (ɋɨɜɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɉɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɥɢɜɚ)

[Ȼɚɯɪɟɣɧ, Ʉɭɜɟɣɬ, Ɉɦɚɧ, Ʉɚɬɚɪ, ɋɚɭɞɨɜɫɤɚɹ Ⱥɪɚɜɢɹ, Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ Ⱥɪɚɛɫɤɢɟ

ɗɦɢɪɚɬɵ]

MERCO-

SUR

Southern Cone Customs Union (Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɸɡ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ Ʉɨɧɭɫɚ)

[Ⱥɪɝɟɧɬɢɧɚ, Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɹ, ɉɚɪɚɝɜɚɣ, ɍɪɭɝɜɚɣ; ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ: Ȼɨɥɢɜɢɹ,

ɑɢɥɢ, ɉɟɪɭ]

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement (ɋɟɜɟɪɨɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɜɨ-

ɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟ) [Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ, Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ, ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚɬɵ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ]

SADC South African Development Community (ɋɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ

ɘɠɧɨɣ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ)

[Ⱥɧɝɨɥɚ, Ȼɨɬɫɜɚɧɚ, Ⱦɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɨɧɝɨ, Ɂɚɦɛɢɹ, Ɂɢɦɛɚɛɜɟ, Ʌɟ-

ɫɨɬɨ, Ɇɚɥɚɜɢ, Ɇɚɜɪɢɤɢɣ, Ɇɨɡɚɦɛɢɤ, ɇɚɦɢɛɢɹ, ɋɟɣɲɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ, ɘȺɊ,

ɋɜɚɡɢɥɟɧɞ, Ɍɚɧɡɚɧɢɹ]

153

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ

1. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ȼɌɈ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨ-

ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɣ? ȼɵɢɝɪɚɥɢ ɥɢ ɆɇɄ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ

ɍɪɭɝɜɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɭɧɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ?

2. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨ-

ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɟɦɭ?

3. Ʉɚɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦ-

ɩɚɧɢɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɧɚ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɧɵɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ ȿɋ?

4. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɚ-

ɜɢɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ?

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