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ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɫɭɞ (European Court of Justice) – ɫɭɞ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ 15 ɫɭ-
ɞɟɣ, ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ȿɋ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɚ-
ɪɚɧɬɢɣ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ȿɋ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ ȿɋ.
ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɧɤ (European Central Bank) – ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɛɚɧɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɦɨɧɟɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧ ȿɋ,
ɩɪɢɧɹɜɲɢɯ ɟɜɪɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ (Gold Standard) – ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɞɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɯ
ɞɟɧɟɝ ɜ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɧɚ ɡɨɥɨɬɨ ɩɨ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɟ.
Ɂɨɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ (Foreign Trade Zone, FT2) – ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɪɚɣɨɧ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɶɝɨɬɧɵɣ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɚ
ɢɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ.
Ɂɨɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ (free trade area) – ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɣ
ɛɥɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ
ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ – ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɛɥɨɤɚ.
ɂɦɩɨɪɬ (importing) – ɡɚɤɭɩɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚ-
ɧɚɯ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɜɨ-
ɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
ɂɦɩɨɪɬ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ (import of the services of capital) – ɞɨɯɨɞ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ
ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɬ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
ɂɦɩɨɪɬ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ (merchandise import) – ɩɨɤɭɩɤɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɭ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ
ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ.
ɂɦɩɨɪɬ ɭɫɥɭɝ (service import) – ɩɨɤɭɩɤɚ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɩɪɟ-
ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
ɂɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɚɥɸɬɚ (foreign exchange) – ɜɚɥɸɬɚ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɟ ɜ ɬɨɣ
ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ.
Ʉɜɨɬɚ (quota) – 1) ɜɡɧɨɫ, ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ Ɇɟɠ-
ɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ; 2) ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɜɟɡɟɧɨ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬ-
ɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ (European Commission) – ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚ-
ɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ȿɋ, ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ 20 ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ; ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɢɫ-
ɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ȿɋ.
Ʉɨɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɜɚɥɸɬɚ (convertible currency) – ɜɚɥɸɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɟɡ ɨɝ-
ɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚ-
ɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ; ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɨɣ.
Ʉɨɪɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ (correspondent relationship) – ɚɝɟɧɬɫɤɢɟ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɚɧɤ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ Ⱥ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɢɡ
ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ȼ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ Ⱥ ɛɚɧɤɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ȼ ɢ ɟɝɨ
ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦ; ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɷɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɞɜɭɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ.
Ʉɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɣ (ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ) ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɜɚɥɸɬɵ (indirect exchange rate)
– ɰɟɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɚɥɸɬɭ; ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ «ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ».
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Ʉɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ (indirect exporting) – ɩɪɨɞɚɠɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɨɬɟɱɟ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɷɬɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ ɧɚ ɡɚ-
ɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɟ ɪɵɧɤɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɬɮɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ (short-term portfolio invest-
ments) – ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɨ ɫɪɨɤɨɦ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ.
Ʌɢɰɟɧɡɢɚɪ (licensor) – ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ.
Ʌɢɰɟɧɡɢɚɬ (licensee) – ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ-
ɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ.
Ʌɢɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (licensing) – ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɮɢɪɦɚ (ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɚɪɨɦ) ɩɪɨɞɚɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ (ɥɢɰɟɧ-
ɡɢɚɬɭ) ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɦɟɧ
ɧɚ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɭ ɪɨɹɥɬɢ.
Ʌɨɧɞɨɧɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɠɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ LIBOR (LIBOR, London Interbank
Offer Rate) – ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɥɨɧɞɨɧɫɤɢɟ ɛɚɧɤɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ
ɞɪɭɝɭ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɦ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɜ ɟɜɪɨɜɚɥɸɬɟ.
Ʌɶɝɨɬɧɵɟ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ (soft loans) – ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɣ
ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɢɫɤ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ
ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɵ.
Ɇɚɚɫɬɪɢɯɬɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ (Maasrticht Treaty) – ɧɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
Ⱦɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɨ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɋɨɸɡɟ.
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, MAP (International Development
Association, IDA) – ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɩɟ-
ɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ.
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (International Monetary System) –
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ
ɜɚɥɸɬɭ ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɜɚɥɸɬɭ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ.
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ (international trading company) –
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɲɢɪɨ-
ɤɨɝɨ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ.
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɹ (international trade) – ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɬɨ-
ɜɚɪɚɦɢ, ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ, ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɢɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɥɢ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ.
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ, ɆɎɄ (International Finance
Corporation, IFC) – ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟ-
ɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɡ-
ɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ.
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ (international investments) – ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɤɚɩɢ-
ɬɚɥɚ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ.
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɚɧɤ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɆȻɊɊ (International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development, IBRD) – ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ȼɫɟ-
ɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ȼɪɟɬɬɨɧ-ȼɭɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚ-
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ɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɟɜ-
ɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ; ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɵɣ ɛɚɧɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɥ ɷɬɭ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɟ 50-ɯɝɝ.,
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɦɢɫɫɢɹ: ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɪɚɡ-
ɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ.
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ (international business) – ɥɸɛɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨ-
ɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ, ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɪɦɚɦɢ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚ-
ɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ; ɷɬɢɦ ɠɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚ-
ɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ.
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ, ɆȼɎ (International Monetary Fund,
IMF) – ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ Ȼɪɟɬɬɨɧ-ȼɭɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ.
Ɇɟɠɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɚɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɹ (interindustry trade) – ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɹ,
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ, ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ-
ɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɧɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ, ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ.
Ɇɟɪɤɚɧɬɢɥɢɡɦ (mercantilism) – ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɟ XVI ɜɟɤɚ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬ-
ɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚɩɚɫɚɦɢ ɡɨɥɨɬɚ ɢ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ (exchange rate mecha-
nism, ERM) – ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ – ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ, ɩɨ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɧɢ ɜɡɹɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ-
ɧɵɣ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɚɥɸɬ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɜ
ɭɡɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ, ɆɇɄ (multinational corporation,
MNC) – ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ,
ɤɚɤ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨ-
ɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ, ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ (multinational organization, MNO) –
ɥɸɛɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜ-
ɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ (multinational enterprises, MNE) –
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɟ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ, ɆȺȽɂ
(Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, MIGA) – ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɚɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɨ-
ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɨɬ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ.
Ɇɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɦɢ
(Multifibre Agreement) – ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ-ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ-ɢɦɩɨɪɬɟɪɚɦɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ
ɫɜɨɟɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɟɣ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢ.
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ɇɟɤɨɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɜɚɥɸɬɚ (inconvertible currency) – ɜɚɥɸɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ
ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɤɭɩɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɢɥɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɰɟɜ ɯɪɚ-
ɧɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɟ; ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɨɣ.
ɇɟɨɦɟɪɤɚɧɬɢɥɢɫɬɵ (neomercantilists) – ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɦɟɪɤɚɧɬɢ-
ɥɢɡɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɬɚɪɢɮɵ ɢɥɢ
ɤɜɨɬɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨ-
ɪɨɧɵ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ; ɢɯ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɰɢɨɧɢɫɬɚɦɢ.
ɇɟɬɚɪɢɮɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ (nontariff barriers, NTB) – ɥɸɛɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜ-
ɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟ-
ɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɪɢɮɨɜ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ.
Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɜɚɥɸɬɵ (indirect exchange rate), ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɬ-
ɧɚɹ ɤɨɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ (indirect quote), – ɷɬɨ ɰɟɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɵ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ
ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɵ.
Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɥ ɶ ɝ ɨ ɬ (generalized system o f preferences) –
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɪɢɮɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ, ɢɦɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ.
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ (common market) – ɮɨɪɦɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚ-
ɧɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ, ɤɚ-
ɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦɢ – ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ.
Ɉɩɰɢɨɧ ɧɚ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɭ (call option) – ɩɪɨɞɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɢɪɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ, ɤɨ-
ɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɭ ɩɪɚɜɨ (ɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɵɜɚɟɬ) ɤɭɩɢɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟ-
ɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɵ ɩɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ.
Ɉɩɰɢɨɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ (put option) – ɩɪɨɞɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɢɪɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ, ɤɨ-
ɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɭ ɩɪɚɜɨ (ɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɵɜɚɟɬ) ɩɪɨɞɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢ-
ɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɵ ɩɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɨɤɚ.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɈɗɋɊ (Or-
ganisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD) – ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɫɚɦɵɯ
ɛɨɝɚɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɦɢɪɚ, ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ 30 ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ, Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ, ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚɬɵ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ, əɩɨɧɢɹ, Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɹ,
ɇɨɜɚɹ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɢɹ, ɘɠɧɚɹ Ʉɨɪɟɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ 23 ɫɬɪɚɧɵ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ.
ɉɚɪɚɞɨɤɫ Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜɚ (Leontief paradox) – ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɢɦɩɨɪɬ ɋɒȺ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɟɦɤɢɦ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢ-
ɜɨɪɟɱɢɬ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɚɦ, ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.
ɉɚɪɢɬɟɬ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ (Theory of purchasing power
parity, PPP) – ɬɟɨɪɢɹ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɰɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɨɪɝɭɟɦɵɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɤ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ.
ɉɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɣ (float) – ɨ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɜɚɥɸɬɵ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩ-
ɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɨɪɬɮɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ (portfolio investments) – ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɦɢ (ɚɤɰɢɹɦɢ, ɨɛɥɢɝɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɞɟɩɨɡɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɚɦɢ
ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɦɢ) ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɦɢɬɟɧɬɚ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɭɦɚɝ.
