Лексикология английского языка. Иванова Н.К. - 28 стр.

this is reflected in English vocabulary: Italian has had a particular influence on music and the
plastic arts, French on ballet, diplomacy, politics and cooking, German on philosophy, for example.
      The British have long been travellers and drew on the languages of the countries they visited
or colonised to enrich their own language still further, so that even languages which are
linguistically very distant from each other have had some influence on English.
      Today English vocabulary is approximately half Germanic (from the Saxons and Vikings)
and half Romance (from French and Latin). There are considerable borrowings from other
languages.
  Old English: shirt, life, death, earth, love, hate, heaven,
  Old Norse: skirt, birth, window, ugly, wrong, they, them.
  French: boil, roast, veal, beef, pork, village, painter, tailor, second, minute, hour, cousin, battle,
             banner, army, lieutenant, sergeant, duke, duchess.
  Latin: index, item, major, memorandum,
  Arabic: admiral, algebra, mattress, mohair, sherbet, harem
  Spanish: mosquito, cigar, canyon
  Italian : piano, violin, spaghetti,
  Dutch: yacht, boss, deck
  Hindi: pajamas, shampoo, bungalow
  Turkish: yoghourt, kiosk
      There are also words from Japanese (tycoon, typhoon, karate), Hungarian (coach, paprika),
Classical Greek (theatre, astronomy, logic), Russian (vodka, troika, sputnik, glasnost,
perestroika), Finnish (sauna), Chinese (tea, silk), Portuguese (marmalade), Czech (robot),
Modern French (café, rendezvous), Modern German (kindergarten).
      A language is never in a state of fixation but always changing. Inventions and discoveries in
the scientific domain create whole vocabularies of their own and inevitably contain expressions of
Latin and Greek origin. Science is one of the most powerful influences moulding the English
language into fresh forms. Language faithfully reflects the spirit of the age so that words of
longstanding can readily modify their meaning in accordance with the latest outlook of a given
society.


7. Analyse and translate

Peaceful coexistence ______________________________
Selfcriticism _____________________________________
Sputnik _________________________________________
Datcha _________________________________________
Establishment ___________________________________
Common market ________________________________
Backbencher ____________________________________
Bestseller _______________________________________
Shopping centre _________________________________
Brain washing __________________________________
Weekend _______________________________________
Drive –in –cafeteria ______________________________