Менеджеры и менеджмент (Executives and Management) - 118 стр.

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292
been brought into the country and making sure that
illegal goods are not imported or exported
deceit n [C,U] when someone tries to gain an ad-
vantage for themselves by tricking someone, for ex-
ample by making a false statement
deceive v [T] to make someone believe some-
thing that is not true in order to get what you want
decline v [I]
1) if an industry or country declines, it becomes
less profitable, productive, wealthy etc
2) if sales, output, production etc decline, they
become less decline n [C,U]
defect n [C] a fault or the lack of something that
means that a product etc is not perfect – defective adj,
defectively adv
delegate v [I,T] to give part of your work or
power to someone else, usually someone in a lower
position than you
demand n [U]
1) spending on goods and services by companies
and people in a particular economy
2) the total amount of a type of goods or services
that people or companies buy in a particular period
the total amount of a type of goods or services that
people or companies would buy if they were available
demerge v [I,T] if a company or unit demerges
from a group, or if it is demerged, it becomes a sepa-
rate company – demerger n [C]
deregulate v [T] if a government deregulates a
particular business activity, it allows companies to
operate more freely so as to increase competition –
deregulation n [U]
devious adj using dishonest tricks and deceiving
people to get what you want – deviously adv, devi-
ousness n [U]
differentiation n [U] when a company shows
how its products are different from each other and
from competing products, for example in its advertis-
ing differentiate v [T]
disclosure n
1) [C,U] the duty of someone in a professional
position to inform customers, shareholders etc about
facts that will influence their decisions
2) [U] the act of giving information about some-
one by an organization or person who would normally
have to keep that information secret, for example
when a bank gives information about a customer's ac-
counts to the police
3) [C] a fact which is made known after being
kept secret
dismissal n [C,U] when someone is removed
from their job by their employer
dispense v [I,T] if a machine dispenses some-
thing, it gives it to someone when they put in money,
a code number etc
disposal n
1) [U] the act of getting rid of something
2) [C] an asset that is sold, and the act of selling it
dispose v [T]
1) if you dispose of something, you get rid of it
2) formal if a company disposes of a particular
asset, activity etc, it sells it
distribution channel also distribution chain n
[C] the way a product is made available and sold, the
organizations involved etc
diversify v [I]
1) if a company or economy diversifies, it in-
creases the range of goods or services it produces
2) to start to put your money into different types
of investments in addition to the investments you al-
ready have diversification n [U]
downmarket
1
also downscale AmE adj involv-
ing goods and services that are cheap and perhaps not
of very good quality compared to others of the same
type, or the people that buy them
downmarket
2
also downscale AmE adv go/move
downmarket/downscale to start buying or sell-
ing cheaper goods or services
dress code n [C] the way that you are expected to
dress in a particular situation, as an employee of a
particular company etc
drive n
1) [U] someone's energy, motivation, and ability
to work hard
2) [C usually singular] an effort to improve or in-
crease the level of something
drop
1
v
1) [I] to fall to a lower level or amount
2) [T] to stop doing or planning something
drop away/off phr v [I] to become lower in level
or amount
drop
2
n [C usually singular] if there is a drop in
the amount, level, or number of something, it goes
down or becomes less
dumping n [U] the activity of selling products in
an export market cheaper than in the home market, or
cheaper than they cost to make, usually in order to
increase market share
durable adj if something is durable, it lasts a
long time – durability n [U]
economies of scale n plural the advantages that a
bigger factory, shop etc has over a smaller one be-
cause it can spread its fixed costs over a larger num-

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