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271
indictment n [U] the act of charging somebody with
a criminal offence
industrial espionage n [U] the activity of secretly
finding out a company's plans, details of its products etc
infrastructure n [C,U]
1) the basic systems and structures that a country
needs to make economic activity possible, for example
transport, communications, and power supplies
2) the basic systems and equipment needed for an
industry or business to operate successfully or for an ac-
tivity to happen
inhibit v [T] to prevent something from growing or
developing in the way it could, or to prevent it from being
as good as it should be
innovate v [I] to design and develop new and better
products
innovator n [C]
innovation n
1) [C] a new idea, method, or invention
2) [U] the introduction of new ideas or methods
innovative adj
1) an innovative product, method, process etc is
new, different, and better than those that existed before
2) using clever new ideas and methods – innova-
tively adv
insider trading n [U] when someone uses knowl-
edge of a particular company, situation etc that is not
available to other people in order to buy or sell shares.
Insider trading is
integration n [U] when two or more units, organiza-
tions etc combine so that they work more effectively
integrity n [U]
1) the state of being united or kept together as one
whole, and therefore strong, unit
2) complete honesty
interest n
1) [U] an amount paid by a borrower to a lender, for
example to a bank by someone borrowing money for a
loan, or by a bank to a depositor (=someone keeping
money in an account there)
2) [U] the interest rate at which
a particular sum of money isborrowed
and lent
3) [U] the part of a company that someone owns
4) [C] the possession of rights, especially to land,
property etc
interpreter n [C] someone who translates what
someone says from one language into another, especially
as their job
inventory n plural inventories [C,U] AmE
1) a supply of raw materials or parts before they are
used in production, or a supply of finished goods. Inven-
tories of raw materials or parts are usually called stocks in
British English
2) a supply of goods, kept for sale by a shop or other
retailer. Inventories of goods are usually called stocks in
British English
inventory control n [U] AmE making sure that sup-
plies of raw materials, work in progress, and finished
goods are managed correctly. Inventory control is called
stock control in British English
isolate v [T] to separate something so that it can be
dealt with by itself
jeopardize also -ise BrE v [T] to risk losing or
harming something
jet lag n [U] the tired and confused feeling you can
get after flying a very long distance
joint venture n [C] a business activity in which two
or more companies have invested together
junk adj [informal] junk mail/email/fax is mail etc
sent to someone who has not requested it, usually to ad-
vertise something
knowledge worker n [C] someone whose job in-
volves dealing with information, rather than making
things
labor union n [C] AmE an organization representing
people working in a particular industry or profession, es-
pecially in meetings with their employers. Labor unions
are called trade unions in British English
laisser-faire also laissez-faire n [U] the idea that
governments should do as little to the economy as possi-
ble and allow private business to develop without the state
controlling or influencing them
launch
1
v [T]
1) to show or make a new product available for sale
for the first time
2) to start a new company
3) to start a new activity, usually after planning it
carefully
launch
2
n [C]
1) an occasion at which a new product is shown or
made available for sale or use for the first time
2) the start of a new activity or plan
leading edge n singular the area of activity where
the most modern and advanced equipment and methods
are used
let v [T] BrE to allow someone to use a room or a
building in return for rent
letter of credit (l/c) n plural letters of credit [C] in
foreign trade, a written promise by an importer's bank to
pay the exporter's bank on a particular date or after a par-
ticular event, for example when the goods are sent by the
exporter
level
1
n [C]
1) the measured amount of something that exists at a
particular time or in a particular place
2) all the people or jobs within an organization, in-
dustry etc that have similar importance and responsibility
level
2
v past tense and past participle levelled BrE
also leveled AmE present participle levelling BrE also
leveling AmE
level off/out phr v [I] to stop climbing or growing
and become steady or continue at a fixed level
liability n
1) [singular] an amount of money owed by a busi-
ness to a supplier, lender, or other creditor
2) liabilities [plural] the amounts of money owed by
a business considered together, as shown in its balance
sheet
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