Менеджеры и менеджмент (Executives and Management). Коломейцева Е.М - 98 стр.

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3) [U] a person's or organiza-
tion's responsibility for loss, damage,
or injury caused to others or their
property, or for payment of debts
liaison n [singular, U] the regu-
lar exchange of information between
groups of people especially at work, so
that each group knows what the other
is doing
liberalize also -ise BrE v [T] to make a system,
laws, or moral attitudes less strict – liberalization n [U]
limited company also limited liability company n
[C] a company where individual shareholders lose only
the cost of their shares if the company goes bankrupt, and
not other property they own
loan n [C] money borrowed from a bank or a person
on which interest is usually paid to the lender until the
loan is repaid
logo n plural logos [C] a design or way of writing its
name that a company or organization uses as its official
sign on its products, advertising etc
loophole n [C] a small mistake in a law that makes it
possible to do something the law is supposed to prevent
you from doing, or to avoid doing something that the law
is supposed to make you do
lose v past tense and past participle lost present par-
ticiple
losing [T]
1) to stop having something any more, or to have
less of it
2) to have less money than you
had before or to spend more money
than you are receiving
3) to fall to a lower figure or price
4) lose something (to sb/sth) to have something
such as a contract or customers taken away by someone or
something
5) lose ground to become less in value or to lose an
advantage
loss n
1) [C,U] the fact of no longer having something that
you used to have
2) [C] when a business or part of a business spends
more money in costs than it gets in sales in a particular
period, or loses money on a particular deal, problem etc
loyal adj if customers are loyal to a particular prod-
uct, they continue to buy it and do not change to other
products – loyalty n [U]
lucrative adj an activity that is lucrative makes a lot
of money mailshot n [C] BrE when information or adver-
tising material is sent through the mail to a large number
of people at the same time
malpractice n [C,U] when someone breaks the law
in order to gain some advantage for themselves margin
also profit margin n [C,U] the difference between the
price of a product or service and the cost of producing it,
or between the cost of producing all of a company's prod-
ucts or services and the total sum they are sold for
market challenger n [C] an organization or product
that may take the place of the organization or product that
has the highest sales in its market or industry
marketing mix n [C usually singular] the combina-
tion of marketing actions often referred to as product,
price, place, and promotion: selling the right product,
through appropriate distribution channels, at the right
price in relation to other products and for the profitability
of the company, with the correct support in terms of ad-
vertising, sales force etc
market leader n [C] an organization or product that
has the highest sales, or one of the highest sales, in its
market or industry
market nicher n [C] a product or service sold in a
niche market (=a market for a product or service, perhaps
an expensive or unusual one, that does not have many
buyers) or the company that sells it
market share n [C,U] the percentage of sales in a
market that a company or product has
MBA Master of Business Administration: a univer-
sity degree in the skills needed to be in charge of a busi-
ness
merchandise n [U] goods that are produced in order
to be sold, especially goods that are sold in a store
merge v [I,T] if two or more companies, organiza-
tions etc merge, or if they are merged, they join together
merger n [C] an occasion when two or more com-
panies, organizations etc join together to form a larger
company etc middleman n plural middlemen [C] a per-
son, business, organization etc that buys things in order to
sell them to someone else, or that helps to arrange busi-
ness deals for other people
mission statement n [C] a short written statement
made by an organization, intended to communicate its
aims to customers, employees, shareholders etc
model n [C]
1) a particular type or design of a vehicle or machine
2) a simple description or struc-
ture that is used to help people under-
stand similar systems or structures
3) the way in which something is done by a particu-
lar country, person etc that can be copied by others who
want similar results
morale n [U] the level of confidence and positive
feelings among a group of people who work together
mortgage n [C] a legal arrangement where you bor-
row money from a financial institution in order to buy
land or a house, and you pay back the money over a pe-
riod of years
motivate v [T]
1) to encourage someone and make them want to
achieve something and be willing to work hard in order to
doit
2) to provide the reason why someone does some-
thing – motivating adj

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