Основы теории английского языка. Листунова Е.И. - 84 стр.

       Passing into the ante-room, he sat down on the edge of a chair...
(Galsworthy). — Ïðîéäÿ â ïåðåäíþþ, îí ñåë íà êðàé ñòóëà...
       Sometimes partici ple I non-perfect of terminative verbs express-
es simultaneousness with the action of the finite verb:
       Coming down the stairs, he was full of happiness (Snow). Cross-
ing the street to catch his bus, he saw her drive by in her smart two-
seater (Gordon).
       Partici ple I non-perfeñt always expresses simultaneousness when
it is introduced by the conjunctions when and while:
       While emptying the buckets at the back of the house he could
hear an animated conversation in progress within-doors (Henry).
       In those cases partici ple I non-perfect is rendered in Russian by
— äååïðè÷àñòèå íåñîâåðøåííîãî âèäà: Ñïóñêàÿñü ñ ëåñòíèöû, îí
âåñü ñèÿë îò ïåðåïîëíÿâøåãî åãî ñ÷àñòüÿ...
       The perfect form of participle I denotes that the action of the partici-
ple precedes the action of the finite form of the verb in the sentence:
       One day he came in having just received some letters... (Gaskell).
I am going the same day myself having been detained here two days
by the flood (Goldsmith). Having crossed the marsh, I saw a trace of
white over the moor (Bronte).
       Partici ple Imperfect is rendered in Russian by äååïðè÷àñòèå
ñîâåðøåííîãî âèäà:
       One day he came in having just received some letters. — Îäíàæäû
îí ïðèøeë, òîëüêî ÷òî ïîëó÷èâ íåñêîëüêî ïèñåì.
       3. Partici ple II has no tense-forms.It expresses either that the
action of the partici ple precedes the action of the finite form of the
verb, or that it is simultaneous to the action of the finite form.
       This difference depends on the lexical character of the verb. With
terminative verbs (see «Terminative, Durative and Mixed Verbs») Parti-
ciple II expresses an action already completed, that is, an action which
precedes the action expressed by the finite form of the verb in the
sentence (broken, opened closed, translated, built, made, written, etc.):
       A few rough logs, laid side by side, served for a bridge over this
stream (Irving). A few early fallen oakleaves strewed the terrace al-
ready... (Galsworthy). Andrew lay with closed eyes... (Cronin). ...A broken
child’s toy lies upon the floor... (Dickens).
       But depending on the context, partici ple II of aterminative verb
may lose its perfective meaning and indicate an action which is si-
multaneous to the action of the finite form of the verb:

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