Основы теории английского языка. Листунова Е.И. - 86 стр.

           The Functions of the Participle in the Sentence

       1. When connected with some nîun-wîrd in the sentence, the
partici ple is used:
       a) As a predicative:
       A window of the hotel was lighted; he saw a shadow move across
the blinds (Galsworthy). We were compelled to spend the night at
Winchester... (Doyle). ...The dark woods were touched here and there
with red and golden leaves... (Chesterton). James grew more and more
alarmed (Galsworthy).
       b) As an attribute:
       ...And so he passed from babyhood to childhood, and became a
talking, walking, wondering Dombey (Dickens). The last soft light of
the setting sun had fallen on the earth... (Dickens). It was the 1st of
August — a perfect day, with a burning sun and cloudless sky... (Galswor-
thy). The frozen ground was hard as stone... (Dodge). He had been a
loving lovable little chap! (Galsworthy).
       2. When an attributive partici ple phrase follows the noun which
it modifies, it is synonimous to an attributive clause:
       On the terrace was a broad wooden bench running round the
walls (which ran...) (Voynich). ...This plant, hidden from the light,
has kept its flowers till the autumn» (which is hidden...) (Kingsley).
...The cottage gardens, crowded with flowers of every rich and beauti-
ful tint, sparkled in the heavy dew... (Dickens). Later she sent Justine
to the kitchen for some bread and potatoes left over from breakfast
(Caldwell). The wind rustling among trees and bushes flung the young
leaves skywards... (Galsworthy). The valley was full of corn, brighten-
ing in the sun (Lawrence).
       3. Partici ple I and II used as attributes and predicatives, corre-
spond to ïðè÷àñòèå in Russian:
       Here is a letter announcing his arrival. — Âîò ïèñüìî,
èçâåùàþùåå î åãî ïðèåçäå. The cup is broken. — ×àøêà ðàçáèòà.
       Participle II in the function of adetached attribute (îáîñîáëåííîå
îïðåäåëåíèå) may have an additional adverbial meaning and thus
refer both to the noun (or pronoun) which it modifies and to the
predicate of the sentence (see «The Detached Parts of the Sentence»):
seen now, in broad daylight, she looked tall, fair and shapely...
(Bronte).


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