Основы теории английского языка. Листунова Е.И. - 87 стр.

      4. Sometimes partici ples used as attributes or predicatives lose
their verbal character and become mere adjectives:
      Her hands, gloved in french grey, were crossed one over the
other, her grave, charming face held to one side... (Galsworthy). The
old woman’s face was wrinkled... (Dickens). Traversing the long and
matted gallery, I descended the sli ppery steps of oak...(Bronte).
      5. Partici ple II of intransitive verbs has usually no independent
function in the sentence but is used as an element of the analytical
forms of the perfect:
      For more than a week my pen has lain untouched... (Gissing).
They had hardly gone when Aunt Julia wandered slowly into the room
(Joyce). I’m sorry to have been of so little-assistance (Snow).
      Partici ple II of intransitive verbs may be used as an independent
element of the sentence (attribute or predicative) only when the verb
expresses an action which results in creating a certain state as quality:
      Attribute: a faded flower, a withered leaf, a retired sea captain, a
deserted island, a grown-up girl.
      The fallen leaves, with which the ground was strewn, gave forth
a pleasant fragrance (Dickens). ...The withered leaves came showering
down (Dickens).
      Predicative: The rose is faded. You look rested.
      The bunches were withered (Galsworthy). He is not a schoolmas-
ter now, Traddles. — He is retired (Dickens).
      Therefore a partici ple construction (ïðè÷àñòíûé îáîðîò) in
Russian with a past partici ple of an intransitive verb is usually ren-
dered in English by a subordinate attributive clause:
      ×åëîâåê, ïðèåõàâøèé ñ þãà, ðàññêàçàë ìíå ýòî. = A man
who came from the south told me this.
      Note. — Partici ple II of an intransitive verb which governs its
object by means of a preposition (to look for..., to stare at..., to talk
about, etc) when used attributively retains the preposition (which then
turns into an adverb). The combination is often written with a hyphen:
      An unlooked-for circumstance. An unhoped-for pleasure. Things
never heard of before A book quoted from. A man stared at, or talked
about. A child properly looked after. It is an unhoped-for pleasure to
see you with us again. It is a book much talked about, ...a most un-
looked-for incident occurred... (Dickens).



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