Методические указания по составлению и оформлению научного доклада на профессиональную тему на английском языке. Малетина Л.В. - 31 стр.

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31
Sea Level Increase
Researchers have suggested that conditions similar to those of the 1930s could
persist for as long as 25 years. During this time the earth's temperature will
still be increasing and a longer range problem will become evident. The polar
ice caps would begin to melt, raising the sea level. This will be a slow
process, but one that will be irreversible once the greenhouse threat is fully
realized. A rise in ocean levels of between 15 to 25 feet is possible in as little
as 100 years. Coastal regions would be flooded causing tremendous
destruction of property. Along the Texas coast, for example, Galveston,
Corpus Christi, Beaumont, and Port Arthur all would be permanently
inundated. As many as 10 nuclear reactors would be in danger of flooding and
contaminating the ocean. The 15- to 25-foot raising of sea levels is for normal
tides with storm tides reaching even farther inland [4].
VI. WAYS TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
The severity of the consequences of this major climatic change requires that
action be taken to lessen man's input of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
The greenhouse threat is a global problem that calls for global action.
Unfortunately, the political structure of the world tends to impede cooperation
on a global scale. Even with these difficulties, it is imperative that the use of
carbon-based fuels be reduced significantly. The United States, as the world's
leading consumer of energy, could influence world opinion and stimulate
action by taking decisive measures. Some of the steps that need to be taken
are:
1. A concerted effort must be made to conserve fuel with a goal of
reducing global consumption 20% worldwide by the year 2000.
Public knowledge of the effects of CO2 on the climate is needed. A
tax on fossil fuel would provide an extra incentive to conserve. The
revenue from such a tax could be used to further development of
alternate energy sources.
2. The use of a combination of fossil fuels that will minimize the input
of CO2 into the atmosphere must be emphasized. Natural gas is the
cleanest of the fossil fuels and large reserves of gas have been found.
Coal is also found in abundance in the United States and is therefore
likely to be increasingly used for energy production. However, coal
releases 75% more CO2 into the atmosphere per unit of energy
produced than does natural gas. Because of this, use of coal should be
de-emphasized and use of natural gas emphasized.
3. Alternate energy sources, such as solar and nuclear, should be
developed. There is a substantial amount of emotional opposition to
nuclear power, which will impede the expansion of its use. Solar
power, as are wind and wave power, is ideal in that it is constant and
non-polluting. The technology is not quite at a stage where solar
power is economically feasible. A strong effort must be made to
develop this highly attractive source of energy.
4. Reforestation on a massive global scale is needed to provide a large
biotic sink in the next few decades. The total respiration of CO2
should be less than the total photosynthesis on a regional and
worldwide basis. Fast- growing trees, such as the American
Sycamore, can absorb as much as 750 tons of carbon per square
kilometer per year. Water hyacinths can absorb 6000 tons of carbon
per square kilometer per year. The growth of biomass for energy
production could serve as an additional method of reducing CO2
Suggested
solutions
to problem.

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