Задачи по теоретической механике. Манаков Н.Л - 96 стр.

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v = ve
r
, v < 0.
v
t
+ v
v
r
=
1
ρ
p
r
1
r
2
d
dr
(r
2
v) = 0.
r
2
v = F(t),
F (t)
v
F
0
(t)
r
2
+ v
v
r
=
1
ρ
p
r
.
r R =
R(t) 6 a
F
0
(t)
R(t)
+
V
2
2
=
p
0
ρ
,
V = dR(t)/dt p
0
F (t) = R
2
(t)V (t),
F (t)
3V
2
2
1
2
R
dV
2
dR
=
p
0
ρ
.
V = 0 R = a
V =
dR
dt
=
s
2p
0
3ρ
µ
a
3
R
3
1
.
Ðåøåíèå . Äâèæåíèå æèäêîñòè èìååò öåíòðàëüíî-ñèììåòðè÷íûé õàðàêòåð,
ñêîðîñòü íàïðàâëåíà ïî ðàäèóñó ê öåíòðó.
                              v = ver ,     v < 0.
Çàïèøåì óðàâíåíèå Ýéëåðà â ñôåðè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìå êîîðäèíàò:
     ∂v    ∂v     1 ∂p
        +v    =−                                                   (10.29)
     ∂t    ∂r     ρ ∂r
è óðàâíåíèå íåïðåðûâíîñòè
     1 d 2
           (r v) = 0.                                              (10.30)
     r2 dr
Èç (10.30) ñëåäóåò, ÷òî
    r2 v = F (t),                                                  (10.31)
ãäå F (t)  ïðîèçâîëüíàÿ ôóíêöèÿ âðåìåíè; ýòî ðàâåíñòâî âûðàæàåò ñîáîé
òîò ôàêò, ÷òî â ñèëó íåñæèìàåìîñòè æèäêîñòè îáúåì, ïðîòåêàþùèé ÷åðåç
ñôåðó ëþáîãî ðàäèóñà, íå çàâèñèò îò ïîñëåäíåãî. Ïîäñòàâëÿÿ v èç (10.31) â
(10.29), èìååì
                         F 0 (t)     ∂v     1 ∂p
                                 + v    = −      .
                           r2        ∂r     ρ ∂r
Èíòåãðèðóÿ ýòî óðàâíåíèå ïî r â ïðåäåëàõ îò áåñêîíå÷íîñòè äî ðàäèóñà R =
R(t) 6 a çàïîëíÿþùåéñÿ ïîëîñòè, ïîëó÷èì:
        F 0 (t) V 2  p0
    −          +    = ,                                            (10.32)
        R(t)     2   ρ
ãäå V = dR(t)/dt  ñêîðîñòü èçìåíåíèÿ ðàäèóñà ïîëîñòè, à p0  äàâëåíèå
íà áåñêîíå÷íîñòè; ñêîðîñòü æèäêîñòè íà áåñêîíå÷íîñòè, à òàêæå äàâëåíèå íà
ïîâåðõíîñòè ïîëîñòè ðàâíû íóëþ. Íàïèñàâ ñîîòíîøåíèå (10.31) äëÿ òî÷åê íà
ïîâåðõíîñòè ïîëîñòè
                              F (t) = R2 (t)V (t),
è ïîäñòàâèâ ýòî âûðàæåíèå äëÿ F (t) â (10.32), ïîëó÷èì ñëåäóþùåå óðàâíåíèå
                              3V 2 1 dV 2  p0
                            −     − R     = .
                               2   2 dR    ρ
 ýòîì óðàâíåíèè ïåðåìåííûå ðàçäåëÿþòñÿ è, èíòåãðèðóÿ åãî ïðè íà÷àëüíîì
óñëîâèè V = 0 ïðè R = a (â íà÷àëüíûé ìîìåíò æèäêîñòü ïîêîèëàñü), íàéäåì
                                     s          µ        ¶
                              dR          2p0       a3
                          V =    =−                    −1 .
                              dt          3ρ        R3

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