English for Masters in Economics. Маркушевская Л.П - 43 стр.

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Университет ИТМО | Санкт-Петербург

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170
Конструкция HAVE +INFINITIVE употребляется для выражения
значения необходимости, вызванной обстоятельствами, показывает,
что лицо, обозначенное подлежащим, вынужденно выполнять данное
действие.
I can’t go with you now, I have to work.
Я не могу пойти с вами, мне нужно поработать.
Конструкция BE+ INFINITIVE выражает значение необходимости,
спланированной заранее.
We are to meet at 7 near our institute.
Мы должны встретиться в 7 возле института.
Practical tasks

1. Potential misunderstandings related to the traditional etiquette may
be / is able to be / are allowed to regarded by one culture as bribes but
be acceptable business practices in another culture.
2. Althoughthecandidatedidn’treceiveasufcientnumberofpointsat
therststagehewas allowed / could / might continue the competi
-
tion.
3. The transplantation of Disney assets may not / could not / should not
tthecultureofsomecountries.
4. Such cynicism regarding sustainable strategy may be / can be / should
be a little premature.
5. A very broad sustainable development agenda – in all its complexity
– may be / is able to / can be overshadowed by climate change.
6. The behavioral component can / is allowed to / might come with expe-
rience, but not everybody has the personal qualities that make them
prime prospects for a management position.
7. Do you think the head of department can / might / must have com-
pleted the report by now?
Task 11 . Complete the sentences with must + bare innitive, must not +
innitive, must + have + past participle. Use the verb given.
1. Withtightcreditinstruments,companies_________(tomake)difcult
decisions about how they spend their money.
2. The publication of a comprehensive review on that topic last month ___
________ (to change) the situation, as now we see great alterations.
3. An experienced project manager _________ (to think) ahead and be
ready for all contingencies.
43
Task 1. Match the question and the answer based on information taken
from the text.
1. What do businesses
always need?
2. What kind of
businesses are in
constant danger?
3. Who would win in a
competition?
4. How many
strategies are in
theeldofproduct
development?
a) Therstcompanytocreateaprod-
uct for waiting market should be well
placedtomakeverygoodprot.
b) Businessesneedasteadyowof
protableproducts.
c) There are two main strategies.
d) Businesses which rely on one
product and one product alone
are in constant danger.
e) This is known as reactive product
development.
Task 2. Complete the sentences with a suitable part according to the
information in the text.
1. … is often the basis of a new product.
a) Giving a good idea
b) Having a good idea
c) Offering a good idea
2. Good idea or bad, all products … with an original idea.
a) start off
b) begins
c) are ready
3. … should help develop new ideas.
a) Competition
b) Planning and control
c) Marketing research
4. R&D is an area of … in certain companies.
a) high cost and employment
b) competition and control
c) brainstorming and thought provoking way
Task 3. Give the main idea of each paragraph you have just read.
Task 4. Topics for discussion.
1. What do you think nowadays are the chances of coming up with
something truly original using the methods described in the text?
2. Which do you think is the most likely source of new ideas? Tell your
plans about promotion of new ideas.

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