The non-finite forms of the verb. Мельник О.Г - 12 стр.

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THE GERUND
Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, имеющая признаки как
существительного, так и глагола и выражающее действие, как
процесс. Герундий образуется путем прибавления окончания – ing к
основе глагола и выражает отвлеченное понятие о действии, не
указывая на число, лицо и наклонение. Самостоятельно вне
контекста на русский язык не переводится, так как в
русском языке
аналогичных форм нет.
Формы герундия
Forms Active Passive
Simple
discovering
(Infinitive + ing)
being discovered
(being + Participle II)
Perfect
having discovered
(having + Participle II)
having been discovered
(having been + Participle II)
Свойства герундия
Свойства глагола Свойства существительного
1) имеет видо-временные
формы
(см. таблицу выше)
1) в предложении выполняет те же
функции, что и существительное I like
swimming – Я люблю плавание
(дополнение)
2) имеет формы залога
(см. таблицу выше)
2) употребляется с предлогом (в функции
обстоятельства и определения). In melting
the ice keeps the same temperature. – Тая, лед
сохраняет такую же температуру.
(обстоятельство).
3) может иметь прямое
дополнение.
Making experiments
is his
favorite occupation
3) может иметь определение в виде
притяжательного местоимения или
существительного в притяжательном
падеже.
I never doubted his
working in this field of
science. Scientists’ working together and their
sharing ideas with one another is of great
advantage for science.
4) определяется наречиями.
Thank you for coming
quickly
equipment, are studying the atmosphere.
3. Study the following common verbs. These ones always take the
gerund: succeed in, consider, deny, look forward to, avoid, risk; these
ones always refer to the infinitive: manage, pretend, offer, promise,
hope, plan. . Now use one of these verbs in the correct form to complete
of the following sentences.
1. She finally ………. to escape by stealing a key. 2. He ………. to carry
the old man’s suitcase. 3. I’ve never been to France before. I’m ……….
going there next year. 4. They ………. reaching the frontier the following
day. 5. She realized that she ………. breaking a leg if she jumped from
the window, but she knew there was no other choice. 6. Her mother made
her ………. to write home every week. 7. It was nice to see you. I
………. to see you again soon. 8. When he gets out of prison, he ……….
to travel. 9. I would like you to ………. working for me. 10. He ……….
stealing the car, although a witness saw him. Give up smoking if you
want to ………. getting a cough. He ………. To be asleep, but in fact he
heard everything they said.
3. Open the brackets using the proper form of the Infinitive or
Participle:
1. I heard him (to speak) to his friend about his voyage to far-away
countries. 2. They wanted us (to do) this work as soon as possible. 3. For
a long time they watched the girls (to play) tennis. 4. We didn't expect
him (to be) so rude with his parents. 5. The revolution made lots of
people (to leave) their native country. 6. I can't let you (quarrel) on trifles.
7. He was known (to be) an ethnologist and a linguist. 8. All of sudden
she felt her limbs (to tremble). 9. The teacher was closely watching the
students (to write) the dictation. There was no way to peep into a
scribble.
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