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Dhfie_dkgZyfhsghklvbaemq_gbyfbdjhihehkdh\hcZgl_ggu Kj_^gyy ih \j_f_gb dhfie_dkgZy fhsghklv baemq_gby fbdjhihehkdh\hc Zgl_gguhij_^_ey_lky\ujZ`_gb_f 1 & &∗ 2 V∫ P=− E j dV , (16) & ]^_ V - h[eZklv \ dhlhjhc khkj_^hlhq_gu lhdb k h[t_fghc iehlghklvx j . Ij_^iheZ]Zy qlh lhd l_q_l lhevdh ih ih\_joghklb [_kdhg_qgh lhgdbo baemqZl_e_c b & bf__l ih\_joghklgmx iehlghklv J i_j_c^_f hl h[t_fgh]h d ih\_joghklghfm bgl_]jZem 1 & & P=− ∫ Et J ∗ d S , (17) 2 S ]^_ S - qZklv iehkdhklb z = h aZgylZy fbdjhihehkdh\ufb baemqZl_eyfb < jZkkfZljb\Z_fhf kemqZ_ lhd i_j_^Z_l k\hx wg_j]bx ihex ihwlhfm j_ZevgZy qZklv ih\_joghklgh]h \ b h[t_fgh]h \ bgl_]jZeh\ hljbpZl_evgZ AgZd fbgmk \ ijZ\hc qZklb b h[_ki_qb\Z_l \uiheg_gb_ mkeh\by Re P > 0 I_j_oh^y d ki_dljZevgufZfieblm^Zfihemqbf ∞ ~& ~& 1 P=− ∫ ∫ E t J ∗ dχ x dχ y . (18) 8π 2 −∞ & Ihkdhevdm ihe_ E t g_ij_ju\gh \ iehkdhklb z = h fh`gh \aylv _]h ij_^_evgh_ agZq_gb_dZdkhklhjhguh[eZklblZdbkhklhjhguh[eZklb kfjbk Ih^klZ\eyy & \ Zfieblm^mNmjv_ihey E t \\b^_ ihemqbf ∞ k 2 ~⊥ 2 J γ γ ~ 2 J ′′ z0 1 2 dχ dχ P=− ∫ ∫ 8 π k −∞ i γ 2 ctg γ h − γ 2 + i ε γ 1 ctg γ 2 h − γ 2 x y (19) 2 1 µ ~& & ~& & = J , k t⊥ , J ′′ = J , k t′′ . ~ ~ ]^_ J ⊥ >_ckl\bl_evgmx qZklv dhfie_dkghc \oh^ghc fhsghklb Zgl_ggu \ hlkmlkl\b_ hfbq_kdbo ihl_jv khklZ\ey_l baemq_gb_ \ k\h[h^gh_ ijhkljZgkl\h b \ha[m`^_gb_ ih\_joghklguo\heg\keh_^bwe_dljbdZgZwdjZg_ Re P = PR + PS . (20)
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